In this paper, we show that under certain conditions, strategic decentralization through the addition of a retailer in the distribution channel can increase a manufacturer’s profits. The specific case on which we focus is the quantity coordination (double marginalization) problem for a manufacturer selling durable goods in a two-period setting. We show that the standard solution that coordinate...

OBJECTIVE Determining the relationship between social exclusion and health inequity at state and municipal level in Mexico during recent years. METHODS Adjusted mortality rates were calculated for 2005 (related to transmissible illnesses in childhood, pregnancy, childbirth and being produced by causes considered potentially avoidable); rates were calculated by states, for states grouped in qu...

Individuals may perceive themselves as interdependent and similar with close others, or as independent and distinct. Do these differences in self-construal influence perceptions of rejection from those closest to us? Few studies have investigated the antecedents of intragroup marginalization - the perception of rejection from family and friends due to not conforming to the prescribed values and...

Real-world data often involves objects that exhibit multiple relationships; for example, ‘papers’ and ‘authors’ exhibit both paperauthor interactions and paper-paper citation relationships. A typical learning problem requires one to make inferences about a subclass of objects (e.g. ‘papers’), while using the remaining objects and relations to provide relevant information. We present a simple, u...

We present BayesMD, a Bayesian Motif Discovery model with several new features. Three different types of biological a priori knowledge are built into the framework in a modular fashion. A mixture of Dirichlets is used as prior over nucleotide probabilities in binding sites. It is trained on transcription factor (TF) databases in order to extract the typical properties of TF binding sites. In a ...

This is a short tutorial on the EM algorithm, including modern proofs of monotonicity, and several examples focusing on the use of EM to handle heavy-tailed models (Laplace, Student) and on finite mixture estimation. 1 The Algorithm Consider a general scenario in which we have observed data x, and a set of unknown parameters θ. Let us also assume some prior p(θ) for the parameters, which could ...

The marginalization not only shows the exterior face of the city in a bad light, but also causes to more irreparable and undesirable consequences. Identifying the social impacts of marginalization is one of the most important urban issues to consider. Thus, this study aims to investigate the relationship between marginalization and social damages in eastern Mazandaran province. The research met...

In this paper I argue that moral agents are obligated to include and pay respect to the equal treatment, equal opportunities and justice of groups and identities usually marked by marginalization, discrimination and/or oppression in the domain of digital games. As a result, I point towards how individual and collective moral agents in digital games culture can pay respect through recognition an...

OBJECTIVES Area-based measures of socio-economic status are increasingly used in population health research. Based on previous research and theory, the Canadian Marginalization Index (CAN-Marg) was created to reflect four dimensions of marginalization: residential instability, material deprivation, dependency and ethnic concentration. The objective of this paper was threefold: to describe CAN-M...