This paper investigates whether the effectiveness of contract enforcement affects the extent for firms to form R&D alliances. We first formalize in a model how weak contract enforcement is associated with a lower probability of observing a firm forming any R&D alliance. The model implies that such an association is further exacerbated if the firm perceives its partner as less trustworthy. Using...

Malaria is the most important communicable disease in the field for the Malaysian soldier. His chief weapon is chemoprophylaxis. This was proguanil hydrochloride in the '50s, changed to Darae/or in 1962; since late 1985, Fansidar only is used. The incidence of malaria over the years has fluctuated widely and had its peak in 1977 at 29.7/1,000 soldiers and since then has shown a downward trend. ...

Content analysis is a viable way to thematise consumer experiences. The purpose of this review study examine the use content in research (1977–2017). authors explore how has been used. reviewed studies address results show that qualitative not used as method its own right; it more often applied supplement quantitative testing. There also lack rigorous reporting methodologies many studies. syste...

Since the development of the eclectic paradigm by Dunning (1977, 1988, 1993), many studies have investigated different forms of location advantages that attract foreign direct investment (FDI). In this study, we consider accounting standards as a component of the institutional infrastructure of a location and hypothesize that the convergence of domestic and International Financial Reporting Sta...

Introduction Since Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) was first reported in 1977 by Jobsis[1] as a new “window” into the body, it has found many uses within the biomedical field. Single channel near-infrared systems are most commonly used in clinical surroundings for transcranial cerebral oximetry in neonatal care, hematoma detection, and stroke patient monitoring. In addition to its clinical us...

“E-Government” is a mission-critical visionary issue faced by the public sector as it pushed the delivery of public services to a new quality standard through a new set of delivery means. However, many of the stakeholders found it hard to fully embrace this new mode of service delivery. Through the provision of e-services, stakeholders of government services expect that e-services can improve t...

The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of the central nervous system and spine has been intensely studied over the past 10 years. However, MRI is still undergoing rapid technologic evolution including new image-acquisition techniques and the development of paramagnetic contrast agents. Since the first description of MR imaging in humans in 19...

A look at current emotion research in film studies, a field that has been thriving for over three decades, reveals limitations: (1) Film scholars concentrate strongly on restricted set of garden-variety emotions—some emotions are therefore neglected. (2) Their understanding standard is often too monolithic—some subtypes these consequently overlooked. (3) The range existing terms does not seem f...