Good manufacturing practice (GMP) is applied to the manufacture of immunological veterinary medicinal products (IVMPs) in a number of regions around the world. Within the European Union (EU) there are well-established requirements for GMP in the manufacture of IVMPs. Maintaining GMP when producing IVMPs is important because there are particular risks associated with their manufacture. These ris...

OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to evaluate how effective tobacco tax increase has been in increasing price of tobacco products and reducing tobacco consumption in the Gambia. In addition, it tests the hypothesis that tobacco tax revenue grows while tobacco consumption decreases as a result of tax and price increase. SETTING The study is designed at the macroeconomic level t...

Background Increasingly, healthcare and non-healthcare employers prohibit or penalize the use of tobacco products among current and new employees in the United States. Despite this trend, and for a range of different reasons, around half of states currently legally protect employees from being denied positions, or having employment contracts terminated, due to tobacco use.   Methods We undertoo...

This investigation provides an updated survey measuring the levels of N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and water content of a select number of smokeless tobacco products sold in the United States in 2015. A total of 34 smokeless tobacco products were collected and analyzed for NNN and water content using LC-MS/MS and GC-TCD, respectively. Smokeless tobacco products were chosen to obtain a representa...

BACKGROUND Noncigarette tobacco products are increasingly popular among youth, especially cigarette smokers. Understanding multiple tobacco product use is necessary to assess the effects of tobacco products on population health. This study examines multiple tobacco product use and associated risk factors among US youth. METHODS Estimates of current use were calculated for cigarettes, cigars, ...

The results available so far suggest to us the following tentative conclusions. First, there are at least two agents extracted by aqueous barium hydroxide from commercial cigarette tobacco that are required simultaneously in order to exhibit tumor-promoting activity. One of the agents is soluble in 80% methanol and is probably soluble in 95% methanol. The other is insoluble in 80% methanol and ...

background: it is suggested that various forms of tobacco use have some effects on diverse sites of head and neck to develop cancer. material and methods: the study examines data for oral cancer in male subjects, collected from the population registered in cancer registry during the year 2007- 2008. all the data collected were entered into the spreadsheets. the statistical package for social sc...

Addressing the determinants of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is challenged by aggressive market promotion by tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food industries in emerging countries with fast economic development; and interference by these industries in government policies aimed at containing consumption of unhealthy products. This editorial reviews market promotion and industry interference and...