BACKGROUND Although non-normal data are widespread in biomedical research, parametric tests unnecessarily predominate in statistical analyses. METHODS We surveyed five biomedical journals and - for all studies which contain at least the unpaired t-test or the non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test - investigated the relationship between the choice of a statistical test and other variables ...

BACKGROUND Transketolase-like 1 (TKTL1) induces glucose degradation through anaerobic pathways, even in presence of oxygen, favoring the malignant aerobic glycolytic phenotype characteristic of tumor cells. As TKTL1 appears to be a valid biomarker for cancer prognosis, the aim of the current study was to correlate its expression with tumor stage, probability of tumor recurrence and survival, in...

Through random cut-points theory, the author extends inference for ordered categorical data to the unspecified continuum underlying the ordered categories. He shows that a random cut-point Mann–Whitney test yields slightly smaller p-values than the conventional test for most data. However, when at least P% of the data lie in one of the k categories (with P = 80 for k = 2, P = 67 for k = 3, . . ...

In many research disciplines, hypothesis tests are applied to evaluate whether findings are statistically significant or could be explained by chance. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) test is among the most popular hypothesis tests in medicine and life science to analyze if two groups of samples are equally distributed. This nonparametric statistical homogeneity test is commonly applied in molec...

Previously reported dendrochemical data showed temporal variability in concentration of tungsten (W) and cobalt (Co) in tree rings of Fallon, Nevada, US. Criticism of this work questioned the use of the Mann-Whitney test for determining change in element concentrations. Here, we demonstrate that Mann-Whitney is appropriate for comparing background element concentrations to possibly elevated con...

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess changes in the consistency of the uterine cervix and correlate the obtained results with the risk of premature delivery and time from examination to delivery MATERIAL AND METHODS Elastographic images of the cervix in a group of 44 patients, admitted to the hospital due to uterine contractions before 37 weeks of gestation, were recorded and analyze...

The purpose of this study was to select a polymer for a simulated gastric media (simHGF) to obtain rheological properties similar to that of aspirated human gastric fluid (aspHGF). Rheological characterization showed that addition of 0.2% (w/v) MC 20.000 mPa·s to simHGF provided a simulated media with rheological properties similar to that of aspHGF. INTRODUCTION Many efforts have been made tow...

Prosocial behaviors begin to emerge at an early age (e.g., Damon, 1975; Rheingold et al., 1976; Eisenberg and Fabes, 1998; Thompson et al., 1997; Paulus, 2014). For example, helping behaviors are demonstrated by infants as young as 18 months of age (e.g., Warneken and Tomasello, 2006) and sharing behavior begins to emerge at around 2 years of age (e.g., Rheingold et al., 1976). Such prosocialit...

BACKGROUND Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common condition that affects approximately 20% of the general population. The ulcers can interfere with speech and eating and cause significant pain and discomfort. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Amlexanox and Adcortyl in the treatment of aphthous ulcers. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this randomized double blind clinical trial with...

Introduction: Breast neoplasia is the most common cancer among women in both developed and developing countries. Over 1.15 million women in the world detecting with breast neoplasia each year and the mortality rate is 502,000 cases from this cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe how Iranian women perform breast self-examination. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 4...