this study has been conducted for the first time in iran, by contingent valuation method (cvm) and using extended linear expenditure system (eles) to estimate nonrnarket services of gerebygan manmade forest. according to this study the existance value of three principal nonrnarket services including climat regulation, erosion control and habitat/refugia estimated respectively at 32250934930 ria...

We discuss the similarities and differences of two types of effects that occur at low but not high doses of chemicals: hormesis and stimulation by oestrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals or xenoestrogens. While hormesis is a general phenomenon evoked by many compounds, oestrogenic stimulation occurs for specific chemicals that disrupt actions of endogenous oestrogen. Both types of phenomena ...

A total of eighty-one Escherichia coli isolates belongs to forty-three different serotypes including several pathogenic strains such as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolated from a tropical estuary were tested against 12 antibiotics to determine the prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance...

Chashma reservoir is located at latitude of Nº 32'26.110 and longitude E° 71'25.571 constructed on the river Indus District Mianwali Dera Ismail Khan Road in province Punjab, Pakistan. It third largest multi-purpose Pakistan covers a surface area 360 Km². used for flood control, irrigation, power generation fish production. Its biodiversity was studied during period twenty four months from Sept...

The world has agreed on reducing disaster risks through Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015–2030. Efforts to reduce are one way attain Sustainable Development Goals related "sustainable cities and communities." first points of risk reduction priorities inscribed in the SFDRR 2015–2030 incorporate studies. While studies natural have been widely conducted, non-natural (manma...

0022-1694/$ see front matter 2013 Elsevier B.V. A http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.01.018 ⇑ Corresponding author. Address: 222 Riley-Robb H NY 14853, United States. Tel.: +1 6072552488; fax: + E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Todd Walt Spatially distributed nonpoint source (NPS) pollution indices are used to identify areas in a watershed where potential pollutant loading coincides w...