Cocrystal has attracted much attention in order to improve poor physicochemical properties, since cocrystal former crystallize with the ionic drugs as well as nonionic drugs. Cocrystal screening was usually conducted by crystallization, slurry and co-grinding techniques, however sensitivity, cost and time for screening were limited because of issues such as dissociation of cocrystal during crys...

Urinary biomarkers of exposure are used widely in biomonitoring studies. The commonly used urinary biomarkers for the aromatic solvents toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E), and m-xylene (X) are o-cresol, mandelic acid, and m-methylhippuric acid. The toxicokinetics of these biomarkers following inhalation exposure have yet to be described by physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. Five ...

The bacterial oxidation of aromatic compounds closely related in chemical structure may proceed by different pathways. Thus, while the main features of the breakdown of mandelic acid are established, those of phenylacetate are not, except insofar as it is known to follow a different route (Stanier, 1950). The divergencies may possibly indicate a difference in the mode of ring fission; and since...

Nonfunctional adrenocortical carcinoma is an extremely rare malignant tumor in children. Unlike the functional tumor which is detected early due to its hormonal presentation, nonfunctional tumor is detected at a later stage. Here we report a case of a 10 year old girl who presented with abdominal mass and symptoms of short duration. No hypertension and cushingoid features were seen. Serum alpha...

Single strand breaks in DNA were monitored in leucocytes from 17 men occupationally exposed to styrene. Personal air monitoring was carried out during one workday with two diffusion samplers and a portable photoionisation detector placed in the breathing zone. Exposure to styrene was also monitored by analysing styrene in blood and urine and mandelic acid in urine. Single strand breaks were mea...

Hypoxia has been regarded as one of the many factors stimulating augmented catecholamine biosynthesis (Vogt, 1960). Plasma levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine were found to be increased in newborns with the respiratory distress syndrome or placental insufficiency (Cheek, Malinek, and Fraillon, 1963). Infants with severe heart failure eliminate in the urine twice as much metanephrine, norme...

Introduction Increasing drug resistance and poor activity of existing therapies towards the latent stage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has produced a clear need to develop novel therapeutics to treat tuberculosis [1]. Thus fast-acting drugs with novel mechanisms of action that are not cross resistant to existing drugs are being sought actively. Wilkinson and coworkers first reported t...