Examination of programmes of experimental work involving live animals indicates scope for worthwhile reduction in animal usage by identifying more clearly the objectives of the different stages of a programme. Having a defined first objective for new or transferred methodology as "to optimise the methods", rather than an exploratory "try it with a few animals and modify" approach, is more likel...

Dynamic traffic management (DTM) is acknowledged in various policy documents as an important instrument to improve network performance. This network performance is not only a matter of accessibility, since the externalities of traffic are becoming more and more important objectives as well. Optimization of network performance using DTM measures is a specific example of a network design problem ...

Startups often lead the technological transformation of logistics and supply chain practices. To shed light on engagement between established (logistics) firms external startups, this study takes up emerging collaboration vehicle management (SCM) accelerators. In contrast to few previous studies investigating generic, cross-sector accelerators, work examines design sector-specialized which narr...

In today’s era, with the increase in number of enterprise innovations, enterprises must adopt project portfolio management for various select alternative projects from perspective strategy. This paper primarily explores use management, hoping to improve quality and utilization efficiency management.