conclusions the present study reports the characteristics of iranian hookah smokers. most hookah smokers were educated young adults, who often smoked at home or in teahouses and in the company of friends. the majority of the participants smoked fruit-flavored tobacco and had no desire or intention to quit smoking. further studies in this field are required and hookah smoking should also be inco...

In vitro fertilisation and even newer assisted reproductive technologies are part of everyday life in the contemporary Middle East. There, IVF is practised according to local Islamic norms, which have been reinforced by fatwas from leading religious authorities. As this article will show, ideological differences between dominant Sunni and minority Shi’ite forms of Islam are currently shaping th...

Several chapters of the Holy Quran have mentioned that tourism is a "Muslim's right." The also revealed Muslims could visit non-Muslim countries for entertainment, religious, and educational purposes; but has warned its followers to avoid indulging in any behaviors against Islamic law, potentially diluting their faith. Food significant component tourism. However, information about country's loc...

Given the dearth of literature on the influence of religiosity on attitudes toward people with HIV/AIDS, the present study surveyed these variables in a sample of South African Muslim university students using the Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) and an attitude to people with HIV scale. Gender differences in attitudes towards people with HIV were also examined. The sample comprised 90 male an...

malay home surroundings is varies in plants pattern as well as a variety of size. the plants speciescultivated own their particular reasons. malay house environment is so harmony with humans, mother nature alsoculture relationship has visualise a unique environmental design. in this accomplishing research, it will provide anunderstanding of plants adoption of malay house environment. environmen...

background the association between inflammatory markers and the combination of the smoking status plus a number of components of the metabolic syndrome was not fully evaluated in male japanese subjects. objectives to demonstrate the association between inflammatory markers and the number of components of the metabolic syndrome by considering smoking status. patients and methods a total of 3,017...

Smoking is the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Cohort epidemiological studies have demonstrated that women are more vulnerable to cigarette-smoking induced diseases than their male counterparts, however, the molecular basis of these differences has remained unknown. In this study, we explored if there were differences in the gene expression patterns between male ...

Background: Defective sperm function is now recognized as one of the most important causes of male infertility. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is known to cause various impairments of sperm cells and may play a major role in the etiology of male infertility. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is one of the final products of lipid peroxidation in seminal plasma. Seminal plasma possesses a rich source of different ...

Background: Lipid profile changes are a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease with increasing prevalence in our society due to poor nutritional habits, sedentary, and smoking. Owing to lack of epidemiological data in this area, this study was designed to investigate lipid profile and morbidity risk in smokers and non- smokers in Babol, North of Iran. Methods: In this study, 204 young men...