Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) cannot provide adequate discrimination among efficient decision making units (DMUs). To discriminate these efficient DMUs is an interesting research subject. The purpose of this paper is to develop the mix integer linear model which was proposed by Foroughi (Foroughi A.A. A new mixed integer linear model for selecting the best decision making units in data envelo...

You’re going on holiday to a place called Utopia, which is lovely, or so they say. Your case is packed, and you have your passport and visa. Then come murmurings about the weather. What do the meteorologists say? Well, we’ve had enough of experts. You’re told that lots of doctors and nurses are leaving Utopia. People from the business world are starting to worry about the effects of trade deals...

We study the impact of internal decision-making structures on the stability of collusive agreements. To this end, we use a three-firm spatial competition model where two firms belong to the same holding company. The holding company can decide to set prices itself or to delegate this decision to its local units. If collusion breaks down, the holding company may relocate its two local units. It t...

In this paper, grey system theory and DEA are combined to establish a grey DEA model. In traditional DEA model, Input and output values of decision-making groups are all real numbers and real variables. They are replaced by grey numbers and grey variables in grey DEA model respectively. Using positioning solution method of grey linear programming, we prove the necessary condition for grey effec...

OBJECTIVE To assess the nature of community-based health programme experience in Iran, and use the results in order to advocate more friendly policies in community, academy and funding organisations. METHODS The qualitative study was done in 2010-11 at various locations in Iran using semi structural in-depth interviews with the principals and managers of programmes, and focus group discussion...

Networks adapt to environmental demands by switching between distinct dynamical behaviors. The activity of frontal-lobe neurons during two-interval discrimination tasks is an example of these adaptable dynamics. Subjects first perceive a stimulus, then hold it in working memory, and finally make a decision by comparing it with a second stimulus. We present a simple mutual-inhibition network mod...

This study examines the productivity changes of decision making units in situation where input price vectors are varying between them and inputs are heterogeneous; that is a noncompetitive market. We present a directional measure of cost Malmquist productivity index where incorporates the decision maker's preference over productivity change over time. A simple numerical example is designed to i...