“rational choice model” is one of the economics theories which developed into sociology, politics, and anthropology and was applied to understand and justify some phenomena.  according to this hypothesis, the basis of decision making is improvements, enjoyment and suffering disposal. people always do all necessary calculations in each and every decision making and then adopt a rational decision...

Background The importance of evaluating policy processes to achieve health equity is well recognised but such evaluation encounters methodological, theoretical and political challenges. This paper describes how a program theorybased evaluation framework can be developed and tested, using the example of an evaluation of the South Australian Health in All Policies (HiAP) initiative.   Methods A f...

Aim: the present study aimed to design and validate decentering schemes for decision making about curriculum based on Schwab’s practical theory and features of the educational system in Iran. Method: in the first step, qualitative methods of "Speculative Essay", "Evaluative Inquiry: Situational Assessment", and "Integrative Inquiry: The Research Synthesis" were employed to explain decentering ...

Market makers are unique entities in a market ecosystem. Unlike other participants that have exposure (either speculative or endogenous) to potential future states of the world, market making agents either endeavor to secure a risk-free profit or to facilitate trade that would otherwise not occur. In this thesis we present a principled theoretical framework for market making along with applicat...

Optimality Theory (OT) is a formal linguistic model in which grammars consist of a universal set of violable constraints that are ranked in a language-particular hierarchy. Lower-ranked constraints are often forcibly violated in order to improve satisfaction of higher-ranked constraints. The optimal or most harmonic pronunciation of a given word is that output candidate which best fulfills the ...

This research work has established a close connection between the brain's function and the function of cooperative sociological systems. In both cases cooperation is the source of lomg-range interaction enabling the transfer of information from one subset of the system to another in spite of large Euclidean distances. This sheds light into the intelligence of a swarm and explains at the same ti...

Political theory begins with respect for the complexity of its conceptual universe. Hypertext, a language for organizing knowledge on a modular rather than a sequential basis, provides an opportunity to unscramble this verbal mixture and to reconstitute it with new understandings and a new source of creative political discourse. This article reports on an experiment in computer-assisted advance...

Market makers are unique entities in a market ecosystem. Unlike other participants that have exposure (either speculative or endogenous) to potential future states of the world, market making agents either endeavor to secure a risk-free profit or to facilitate trade that would otherwise not occur. In this thesis we present a principled theoretical framework for market making along with applicat...