An endogenous circadian pacemaker uses photic input to synchronize mammalian physiological and behavioral rhythms to the 24 h day. Sunlight during dusk and dawn is thought to entrain the pacemaker of nocturnal rodents, whereas moonlight and starlight are presumed to exert little influence. We show that, to the contrary, dim illumination (<0.005 lux), similar in intensity to starlight and dim mo...

There is a large body of scientific evidence suggesting that 3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a compound derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, which is abundant in cruciferous vegetables, harbors anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Accumulating evidence suggests that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an essential role in cellular energy homeostasis and tumor development and...

Objective- Evaluation of leg scoring as a method for hoof trimming neccesity. Design- Prospective randomised trial. Animals-  Hundred and sixty holstein dairy cows. Procedure- One hundred and fifty cows selected in a dairy farm in dry period 2-3 weeks before calving (stage one), all cows were photographed, right, left and overall scores (A three point scoring system, in which score one is fo...

The outer multiset dimension $$\textrm{dim}_\textrm{ms}(G)$$ of a graph G is the cardinality smallest set vertices that uniquely recognize all outside this by using multisets distances to set. It proved $$\textrm{dim}_\textrm{ms}(G) = n(G) - 1$$ if and only regular with diameter at most 2. Graphs $$\textrm{dim}_\textrm{ms}(G)=2$$ are described recognized in polynomial time. A lower bound on lex...

For a poset X, Dim(X) is the smallest positive integer t for which X is isomorphic to a subposet of the Cartesian product of t chains. Hiraguchi proved that if 1 X I > 4, then Dim(X) < [ X l/2]. For each k Q 2, we define Dim,(X) as the smallest positive integer t for which Xis isomorphic to a subposet of the Cartesian product oft chains, each of length k. We then prove that if 1 X I > 5, Dim,(X...

The addition of two 3-h periods of very dim light, one before and one after a normal 8-h photoperiod, advances sexual maturity in pullets by about a week. This trial tested the hypothesis that dim light given before a short day of normal intensity is linked to form a more stimulatory day length and that dim light given after it is photosexually ignored. Pullets were reared from 2 d of age on 8-...

This study was designed to establish whether 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) can inhibit cervical lesions, alter estrogen metabolism in favor of C-2 hydroxylation, and enhance immune function in the K14-HPV16 transgenic mouse model. Mice were bred, genotyped, implanted with E(2) pellets (0.25 mg/90-day release) under anesthesia, and divided into groups. Wild-type and transgenic mice were given eith...

Let Ca be the central Cantor set obtained by removing a central interval of length 1 − 2a from the unit interval, and continuing this process inductively on each of the remaining two intervals. We prove that if log b/ log a is irrational, then dim(Ca + Cb) = min(dim(Ca) + dim(Cb), 1), where dim is Hausdorff dimension. More generally, given two self-similar sets K,K′ in R and a scaling parameter...

3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a promising cancer chemopreventive agent derived from Brassica food plants. To determine whether this natural indole has a direct growth inhibitory effect on human breast cancer cells, we examined the cell cycle regulatory effects of DIM in estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) and estrogen-independent (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cell lines. Results of flow cytometry st...

BACKGROUND 3,3'Diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural phytochemical, has shown inhibitory effects on the growth and migration of a variety of cancer cells; however, whether DIM has similar effects on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of DIM on the proliferation and migration of cultured VSMCs and neointima formation in a carotid...