latter were prepared using defatted BSA, according to Mahoney et al. [ 111. After 48 h, (6-3H]thymidine (0.2 pCi/ well) was added to each well and the cells incubated for a further 18 h. The cells were harvested on to glass-fibre discs, which were washed and dried before measurement of radioactivity. The maximal [ ’Hlthymidine incorporation obtained in the presence of LPS was 14.9 f 2.5% (mean ...

The present study was designed to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of the ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Family: Menispermaceae)stem (climbing shrub, mango plant) at cellular level. For antioxidant study, the liver mitochondria were separated and the concentration of enzymes like lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide Dismutase (S...

Four known flavonoids: quercetin 3-O-β-D-rutinoside (Q3Rut), myricetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (M3Gal), quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (Q3Gal) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (Q3Glc), for the first time were isolated from aerial parts of Euphorbia microsciadia. The chemical structure of them was elucidated on the basis of 1 and 2 D-NMR spectra and different spectroscopic techniques...

BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injuries that provoke neuropathic pain are associated with chronic inflammation and nervous lesions. The authors hypothesized that chronic neuropathic pain might be caused by chronic inflammation resulting from a nervous autoimmune reaction triggered by nerve injury. METHODS The authors observed chronic inflammation and neuropathic behaviors for up to 12 weeks afte...

The size of a lymphocyte population is primarily determined by a dynamic equilibrium between cell proliferation and death. Hence, lymphocyte recirculation between the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues is a key determinant in the maintenance of cell homeostasis. Insights into these mechanisms can be gathered from large-animal models, where lymphatic cannulation from individual lymph nodes is...

The mixed lymphocyte reaction is characterized by proliferation and generation of specifically cytotoxic effector lymphocytes. These two phases of the mixed lymphocyte reaction have been shown to be mediated by distinct subpopulations of thymus-derived cells. The current investigation demonstrates that combinations of cells from thymus and lymph nodes of CBA mice exhibit synergism with respect ...