1. An intervention to reduce ischaemia-reperfusion lung injury will be an important advance in transplant medicine. Although the mechanisms associated with producing ischaemia-reperfusion endothelial injury have not been completely elucidated, many of the injury mediators have been studied in detail. While no single pharmacological therapy is likely to be totally effective in eliminating this c...

Rabbit antibody directed against normal allantoic fluid reduced the protective power of influenza vaccine prepared from egg-grown PR8 virus. A similar vaccine prepared from mouse lung virus was not inhibited. Preimmunization of mice with normal allantoic fluid or with egg-grown influenza B/Lee vaccine (crude or purified) inhibited the protective power of PR8 egg vaccine but did not affect a sim...

Increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the models of sepsis, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) suggest its potential role in the modulation of acute lung injury. We have recently described ANP-protective effects against thrombin-induced barrier dysfunction in pulmonary endothelial cells (EC). The current study examined involvement of the Rac effect...

The case histories are presented of three adults who had severe hypercapnic acidosis despite mechanical ventilation with what were considered to be injurious tidal volumes and airway pressures. The use of a percutaneously inserted arteriovenous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (AV-ECCO(2)R) device facilitated a dramatic reduction in the amount of ventilatory support required, achieving a "...

Background Protective effects of NO, a physiological activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), have been reported in ischemia/reperfusion syndrome (I/R) of the lung. However, its protective effects can be overwhelmed by its deleterious effects due to oxidative products formation. Therefore, we studied the effects of direct sGC stimulator (BAY 41-2272) and sGC activator (BAY 58-2667) on I/R i...

Exogenous or inhaled NO (iNO) has been successfully used, as a selective pulmonary vasodilator, in a wide variety of clinical situations especially in the management of persistent pulmonary hypertension in the newborn. A better understanding of the role of endogenous and exogenous NO in the lungs of surfactant-deficient animals exposed to hyperoxia could result in novel strategies for the bette...

Protective ventilation with low tidal volume has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Low tidal volume ventilation is associated with particular clinical challenges and is therefore often underutilized as a therapeutic option in clinical practice. Despite some potential difficulties, data ...

OBJECTIVE Ventilator settings typically used for high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFO) in adults provide acceptable gas exchange but may not take best advantage of its lung-protective aspects. We provide guidelines for HFO in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome that should optimize the lung-protective characteristics of this ventilation mode. DESIGN Roundtable discussions, ...