Universally conserved positions in ribosomal proteins have significant biases in amino acid usage, likely indicating the expansion of the genetic code at the time leading up to the most recent common ancestor(s) (MRCA). Here, we apply this principle to the evolutionary history of the ribosome before the MRCA. It has been proposed that the experimentally determined order of assembly for ribosoma...

More than one copy of rRNA operons, which code for both the small-subunit (SSU) and large-subunit (LSU) rRNA, are often found in prokaryotes. It is generally assumed that all rRNA operons within a single cell are almost identical. A notable exception is the extremely halophilic archaeal genus Haloarcula, most species of which are known to harbor highly divergent rRNA operons that differ at appr...

The regulation of expression of the genes encoding the large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) was examined in 1- through 8-day-old, dark-grown (etiolated) and light-grown amaranth cotyledons. RuBPCase specific activity in light-grown cotyledons increased during this 8-day period to a level 15-fold higher than in dark-grown cotyledons. Und...

Soil erosion rates in alpine regions are related to high spatial variability complicating assessment of risk and damages. A crucial parameter triggering soil erosion that can be derived from satellite imagery is fractional vegetation cover (FVC). The objective of this study is to assess the applicability of normalized differenced vegetation index (NDVI), linear spectral unmixing (LSU) andmixtur...

In natural environments, plants often experience different stresses simultaneously, and adverse abiotic conditions can weaken the plant immune system. Interactome mapping revealed that the LOW SULPHUR UPREGULATED (LSU) proteins are hubs in an Arabidopsis protein interaction network that are targeted by virulence effectors from evolutionarily diverse pathogens. Here we show that LSU proteins are...

In this note we use Clifford algebras and their Fock representations to build representations of LU(N) and LSU(N). Let H be the Hilbert space of square-integrable sections of the trivial rank N complex vector bundle over S and P : H → H the projection onto the space spanned by non-negative Fourier modes. To this data we can associate the Fermionic Fock space FP . FP is a representation of level...

esteghlal fireclay mine, northern abadeh, with dominant composition of kaolinite and pyrophyllite, and annual production of over a million tons, is one of the largest sedimentary deposits in iran. linear spectral unmixing (lsu) and mixture tuned matched filtering (mtmf) processes were applied on the vnir + swir dataset of aster for identifying the frequency fraction and distribution of clay min...

"Magic mushrooms" (MMs) are psychoactive fungi containing the and Psychotropics Control Law in Japan. Because there are many kinds of MMs and they are often sold even as dry powders in local markets, it is very difficult to identify the original species of the MMs by morphological observation. Therefore, we investigated the rRNA gene for a large subunit (LSU) of several MMs to classify them by ...

J.X. Zumba, 102 Franklin Court, Bethlehem, PA 18020; G.O. Myers*, LSU Agricultural Center, School of Plant, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 104 M.B. Sturgis Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803; E.L. Clawson, Monsanto, 2028-3 Cannon Heights Dr., Chesterfield, MO 63017; D.K. Miller, LSU Agricultural Center, Northeast Research Station, P.O. Box 438, St. Joseph, LA 71366; R.G. Danka, USDA, ARS Honey Bee B...