GPS radio occultation technique has been developed resulting from remote sensing applications in planetary atmospheric limb sounding pioneered by JPL and Stanford University in 1960s. Since the launch of the experimental satellite MicroLab1 on April 3 1995, the primary results from this Low Earth orbiter (LEO) satellite demonstrated potential scienti:c values and practical signi:cance of this i...

Earth observation has the potential to make significant contributions to policy and society, as we discussed in Chap. 1 of this book. In this chapter, we focus on the function of “Inform” and the medium “Atmospheric” as shown in Table 1.1 in Chap. 1. This role generally corresponds to global scale long-term monitoring by low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. Through such observations, influential s...

Remote sensing scientists work under assumptions that should not be taken for granted and should, therefore, be challenged. These assumptions include the following: 1. Space, especially Low Earth Orbit (LEO), will always be available to governmental and commercial space entities that launch Earth remote sensing missions. 2. Space launches are benign with respect to environmental impacts. 3. Min...

This paper presents a systems architecture methodology that has been developed to analyse architectures for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) commercial satellite data relay systems, here named as Earth Orbiting Support Systems (EOSS). LEO relay constellations are crucial to provide affordable services to a whole range of missions for which traditional GEO data relay is not an option, due to antenna size o...

Most recent satellite network research has focused on providing routing services without considering security. In this paper, for the sake of better global coverage, we introduce a novel triple-layered satellite network architecture including Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO), and Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite layers, which provides the near-global coverage with 2...

The effects of aerodynamic perturbation forces on the orbital life of low altitude Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are investigated, with a focus on the secular perturbations caused by lift and drag. The secular effects can be divided into the circularization of the orbit for both lift and drag perturbation forces, and the decrease of the orbit semimajor axis for drag perturbation. A study of ...

In this paper, for the sake of better global coverage, we introduce a novel triple-layered satellite network architecture including the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), the Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO), and the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite layers, which provides the near-global coverage with 24 hour uninterrupted over the areas varying from 75° S to 90° N. On the basis of this satellite net...

VoIP PERFORMANCE IN NGEO SATELLITE IP NETWORKS WITH ON-BOARD PROCESSING CAPABILITY In this thesis study, an adaptive routing policy utilizing the real-time network information of a two-layered satellite network is introduced. In a satellite network, depending on the requirements and properties of services provided, various kinds of satellites from different orbits can be employed. Geostationary...

Future Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks are envisioned as distributed architectures of autonomous data processing nodes. Such ad hoc networks should deliver reliable communication channels for control commands and data among ground stations and satellites minimizing delay and power. The LEO satellite networks are different from the generic ad hoc scenario. In this paper, we first analyz...

This paper evaluates the proposed implementation of short length low density parity check (LDPC) codes within the telemetry space protocol. Due to the varying orbital patterns of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites, limited communication time windows need to be optimised to maximise data throughput. Most popular connection oriented protocols focus on correcting congestion related link errors, but ...