Abstract The demand for smartphone positioning has grown rapidly due to increased accuracy applications, such as land vehicle navigation systems used tracking, emergency assistance, and intelligent transportation systems. integration between is necessary maintain a reliable solution. High-end inertial sensors are not preferred their high cost. Smartphone microelectromechanical (MEMS) attractive...

Successful intelligent land vehicle navigation systems can only be realised through the integration of navigation data and spatial information. This is evident in the development of modern Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), where the Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to provide the navigation data, and spatial information contained within an information database is used to provide ...

Although GPS measurements are the essential information for currently developed land vehicle navigation systems (LVNS), the situation when GPS signals are unavailable or unreliable due to signal blockages must be compensated to provide continuous navigation solutions. In order to overcome the unavailability or unreliability problem in satellite based navigation systems and also to be cost effec...