Non-technical loss of electricity (comprising theft, fraud, non-payment and billing irregularities) is a significant issue, particularly in developing countries, represents large financial burden on utility companies, governments society as whole. This paper takes wholistic global view the challenge provides broad perspective interrelated issues. Media reports public perception non-technical lo...

In this paper, we present the macro stress test with a credit risk approach for banking system of Iran during the period 2004Q1-2019Q4. The goal is to evaluate the vulnerability of the banking system through credit risk to the country economic shocks. In this regard, the developed method of Wilson (1997) Credit Portfolio View model including macroeconomic variables and default rate has been use...

in order to identifying factors affecting milled rice breakage losses in guilan province, a research was conducted based on the descriptive survey with association of 75 rice mill owner in guilan province. factors affecting milled rice breakage losses were recognized with the delphi technique. in this regard, a descriptive questionnaire with an open-ended question was distributed among 5 rice m...