downward phase of dose-response morphine converted u shape curve was chosen as a base for investigating the effects of different doses of naloxone (0.05-0.4 mg/kg) on morphine reward/aversion properties using place preference method. first, male wistar rats (200-220 g) were received morphine (1-7.5 mg/kg) for place conditioning and marginal dose of morphine (5 mg/kg) calculated by graphpad soft...

The parietal cortex receives both visual- and motor-related information and is believed to be one of the sites of visuo-motor coordination. This study for the first time characterizes integration of visual and motor information in activity of neurons of parietal area 5 during locomotion under conditions that require visuo-motor coordination. The activity of neurons was recorded in cats during w...

The paper discusses the state-of-the-art of locomotion systems for ground mobile robots comprising tracks. Tracked locomotion, due to large contact surface with ground, is particularly suitable tackling soft, yielding, and irregular terrains, but characterized by lower speed energy efficiency than wheeled obstacle-climbing capability legged locomotion. Therefore, in recent years academic indust...

credit scoring is a kind of binary classification problem that contains important information for manager to make a decision in particularly in banking authorities. obtained scores provide a practical credit decision for a loan officer to classify clients to reject or accept for payment loan. for this sake, in this paper a data envelopment analysis- discriminant analysis (dea-da) approach is us...

Modern fast-growing broilers spend excessive periods resting and their activity further decreases with age. Inactivity has been suggested to increase impaired gait and the incidence of leg disorders. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a common leg pathology in broilers. A more complex environment might facilitate more activity and improve leg health. Perches or elevated platforms bring variety to ...

Introduction: Effects of stress on nervous system activity and development are well defined. In the present study, the effects of maternal stress on dopamine-related behavior in the offspring were studied. Methods: Female pregnant Wistar rats (200 g) were randomly exposed to the noise pollution stress (125 db) for 14 days (5 min/day). The time of exposure was random in order to avoid adaptat...

AbstractObjective: This current study was done to find any correlation between clinical mastitis and lameness occurrence and incidence in dairy farms.Design: This prospective field trial was done on a case control study basis. Cows were divided into two mastitis and control group and lameness recorded and compared in both groups.Procedures: This current study was done during 9...