Abstract. This article summarises the status of the solar neutrino oscillation phenomenology at the end of 2002 in the light of the SNO and KamLAND results. We first present the allowed areas obtained from global solar analysis and demonstrate the preference of the solar data towards the Large-Mixing-Angle (LMA) MSW solution. A clear confirmation in favor of the LMA solution comes from the KamL...

OBJECTIVES Five different second-generation supraglottic airway devices, ProSeal LMA, Supreme LMA, i-gel, SLIPA, and Laryngeal Tube Suction-D, were studied. Operators were inexperienced users with a military background, combat lifesavers, nurses, and physicians. METHODS This was a prospective, randomized, single-blinded study. Devices were inserted in the operating room in low light condition...

PURPOSE This study compared current experience with the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) to previous experience with endotracheal intubation for ambulatory patients receiving general anesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective comparison of 157 patients (50 endotracheal intubation [ET] and 107 LMA cases) was conducted. The subjects were American Association of Anesthesiologist (ASA) Class I a...

Leaf structure has been shown to be an important determinant of leaf photosynthetic characteristics, yet the nature of this relationship remains ambiguous. It has been suggested that intra-leaf shading of chloroplasts may explain the negative influence of increasing leaf thickness/density on mass-based photosynthesis. To explore further the importance of light-mediated functional limitations co...

To the Editor: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) has the advantage of attenuating the pressure response during its insertion compared with tracheal intubation and the associated increase in heart rate is very short lived. ~,2 The LMA also results in minimal coughing and produces a smooth emergence from anaesthesia. In the neurosurgical patient small perturbations in blood pressure may initiate to...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pentax AWS, and the LMA CTrach, in comparison with the Macintosh laryngoscope, when performing tracheal intubation in patients with neck immobilization using manual in-line axial cervical spine stabilization. METHODS Ninety patients undergoing anaesthesia who required tracheal intubation were randomly assigned to un...

Leaf dry mass per unit leaf area (LMA) is a central trait in ecology, but its anatomical and compositional basis has been unclear. An explicit mathematical and physical framework for quantifying the cell and tissue determinants of LMA will enable tests of their influence on species, communities and ecosystems. We present an approach to explaining LMA from the numbers, dimensions and mass densit...

Leaf mass per area (LMA, g m(-2)) is an essential trait for modeling canopy function due to its strong association with photosynthesis, respiration and leaf nitrogen. Leaf mass per area, which is influenced by both leaf thickness and density (LMA = thickness × density), generally increases from the bottom to the top of tree canopies, yet the mechanisms behind this universal pattern are not yet ...

To the Editor: A healthy 46-yr-old woman was booked for bunion surgery under general anesthesia. After the iv induction of anesthesia, a #4 laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was inserted uneventfully but ventilation was impossible. The LMA was removed and the patient was ventilated easily by facemask. The LMA was noted to have a foreign object in the lumen. Another LMA was inserted and the patient wa...

Introduction: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a safe method to establish airway control during general anaesthesia. In otolaryngology surgery, the use of a LMA is well established in ear surgery; however, the use of a LMA during open neck procedures remains controversial. We report a case in which the pharyngeal distortion by the LMA cuff resulted in an iatrogenic complication.   Case Report...