The coniteints of bacterial cells cain be reversibly pulled away. (plasmolyzed) from the wall by strong salt solutions. Bacterial "protoplasts''-living cells divested of their wallshrink or swell with changing concentrations of solutes in their environment and burst when this concentration falls below a critical level. These observations have long suggested that the cytoplasm of bacteria is cov...

We propose using the extra dimension separating the domain walls carrying lattice quarks of opposite handedness to gradually filter out the ultraviolet fluctuations of the gauge fields that are felt by the fermionic excitations living in the bulk. This generalization of the homogeneous domain wall construction has some theoretical features that seem nontrivial.

Plant cell walls define cell shape during development and are composed of interlaced carbohydrate and protein networks. Fluorescent dyes have long been used to label plant cell walls, enabling optical microscopy-based interrogation of cell wall structure and composition. However, the specific cell wall components to which these dyes bind are often poorly defined. The availability of fluorescent...

This paper could have been entitled “D branes and strings from flesh and blood.” We study field theoretic prototypes of D branes/strings. To this end we consider (2+1)-dimensional domain walls in (3+1)-dimensional N = 2 SQCD with SU(2) gauge group and Nf = 2 flavors of fundamental hypermultiplets (quarks). This theory is perturbed by a small mass term of the adjoint matter which, in the leading...

PURPOSE To improve the ability to image the vascular walls in the living human retina using multiply-scattered light imaging with an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). METHODS In vivo arteriolar wall imaging was performed on eight healthy subjects using the Indiana AOSLO. Noninvasive imaging of vascular mural cells and wall structure were performed using systematic control...

The cell wall is the strong, outermost layer of a plant cell, located external to the plasma membrane. The cell wall often far outlives the protoplast which synthesized it. In cork, for example, the wall serves its particular biological role (physical protection of a tree trunk) for many years after the death of the protoplast. However, the walls of living cells are not inert ‘boxes’ but comple...

The presentation is focused on the analysis of biophysical properties of cerebral aneurysms, diagnosed and delineated in living human individuals. An aneurysm is a bulging out of a part of the wall of a blood vessel. The aim of our research was to delineate flow patterns inside the aneurysm and its parent artery, to estimate stresses at critical points of the aneurysm wall, to model the haemody...

Intracellular trafficking of enzymes responsible for constructing and modifying the cell wall architecture in plants is mostly unknown. To examine their translocation pathways, we employed an endoxyloglucan transferase (EXGT), a key enzyme responsible for forming and rearranging the cellulose/xyloglucan network of the cell wall. We traced its intracellular localization in suspension-cultured ce...

background the long-term consequences and the activities of daily living of bilateral lower limb amputatees are not well documented. objectives our study identifies the long-term effects of bilateral lower extremity amputations on daily activities to understand how these amputees cope with their mobility assistive devices. materials and methods a total of 291 veterans of war with bilateral lowe...