autonomy in rural production cooperatives is one of the most important structural changes that influenced by government policies, specially happened in recent decades and in turn affect their performance. but there is ambiguity in the current performance of autonomous cooperatives, in order to be objective and stability. this study was conducted in the hamadan province. the purpose of the resea...

The plan for the NHS in Scotland mapped out in the white paper Designed to Care shares common values and goals with the plans for England and Wales. The organisational structures proposed to underpin Scotland’s strategy for the health service (box) are, however, substantively different from those proposed for England and Wales. Primary care trusts are new statutory organisations scheduled to go...

Based on Buyback agreement of Stackelberg Game, this article analyzed the impact of sharing buyback cost for optimal production and different choices of supermarkets and farmer professional cooperatives in distribution model and direct model for agricultural-super docking supply chain in china. At the same time, this article designed a buyback agreement model and explores the nature of buyback ...

We propose a new scheme for efficient demand side management for the Smart Grid. Specifically, we envisage and promote the formation of cooperatives of medium-large consumers and equip them (via our proposed mechanisms) with the capability of regularly participating in the existing electricity markets by providing electricity demand reduction services to the Grid. Based on mechanism design prin...

Worker Cooperatives and Democratic Governance A worker co-operative is a firm that is owned and managed by those who work in it. This paper provides a selective review of research in economics on worker cooperatives. It concentrates on the volatility of earnings and employment in the co-ops compared with conventional capitalist firms; on the long-term viability of co-ops; on the relative produc...

With funding provided by the Center for Higher Education of the United States Agency for International Development, The Pennsylvania State University and Tuskegee University collaborated with the University of Nairobi in establishing women's NutriBusiness Cooperatives in the Rift Valley and Central Provinces of Kenya. Between 1992 and 1999, the cooperatives were established, facilities and equi...