myths were created over the course of history by common people and during the past few centuries were used by sociologists and psychologists to study the primitive and quasi civilized societies. after the scientific and sociological developments of the 18th and 19th centuries in europe, many poets, playwrights, authors, and other artists started to employ their personal and innovative technique...

Ugo Foscolo, was an Italian poet whose works rank among the masterpieces of Italian literature. Talented and well educated in philosophy, classics, and Italian literature, Foscolo gave literary expression to his ideological aspirations and to the numerous amorous experiences in odes, sonnets, plays, poems and an epistolary novel. Concurrent with his rich literary output, Foscolo's correspondenc...

objective: with regard to the abundance of mood disorders among the artists and, life and death of hedayat, number and time of creation of his works, this hypothesis that hedayat suffered from a bipolar mood disorder (type ii, or bipolar spectrum) is studied in the descriptive psychiatry framework. methods: his biographies, medical records, letters exchanged between him and his friends and rela...

The topic in question is concerned with the sociological aspect of literature referring to Iran’s literary and historical experience. The basis of sociological criticism is built on the premise that literary works are the products of social life and that a comprehensive understanding of a work without considering its social aspects is impractical. To reach a better, more scientific, and more pr...

imone de Beauvoir recalls that when she first made the acquaintance of Jean-Paul Sartre he, then still a young man, proudly and somewhat hubristically declared that when he became older he wanted to be Stendhal and Spinoza (Cérémonie 182, 228). Not satisfied with the dream of being merely a great writer or a great philosopher, Sartre hoped to pursue both academic vocations at the same time. For...

Since human soul seeks excellence, he continuously hunts for answers to his questions. Therefore, he works towards tools to help him achieve a better life, create a dream world (Armanshahr) or utopia; a nowhere; his desired world. The Sufis has been more attentive to the local realities of their society, and they saw the society full of shortcomings and sought to lead their people into a desira...

andré chénier (1762-1794) is the greatest and the best known french poet of the 18th century. he is famous especially for his courageous opposition to the power of the terror in the early years of the french revolution which caused finally his death by guillotine. the study of his poetical works can clarify the literary transition between neoclassicism and romanticism. this paper, by describing...

n Calibrations, Ato Quayson provides us with a highly stimulating and thoughtprovoking method by which the literary aesthetic domain is read in order to shed light on larger social processes (xv).' Although there is some fluidity in the direction of this movement of thought, the motivating factor, indeed the primary interest in the aesthetic, is to put it to use for an understanding of the "soc...