The study of Modernism has often been divided by a seemingly unbridgeable gap between what has been deemed " high " art, esoteric works intended for the privileged few, and " low " culture-works intended for the groveling masses. In the first category are traditional art forms such as painting, sculpture, and literature. The lower art forms include mass-produced works that are accessible by des...

This chapter gives an account of the earliest Indian contacts with Indonesia according to first millennium AD inscriptions from East Kalimantan and Java. It discusses the changes which occurred in social, religious and political organization, particularly in Java, as a result. The dissemination of literary into Indonesia is examined in detail and a comparison is made of the rather limited liter...

Shio Aragvispireli’s first work “Memory” was published in 1890 journal “Jejili”. Young writer gained readers’ love a few years. It is obvious, that Georgian literary critics noticed his appearance writer’s arena: Ak. Tsereteli, K. Abashidze, T. Tabidze and others saw future of literature works. Though, as it expected, works were not only praised, but hardly criticized well. We think, together w...