This investigation examined the marginal characteristics of the collarless metal ceramic restoration made with two commonly used direct-lift techniques: (1) a porcelain/wax paste and (2) a porcelain/liquid slurry. The metal copings touched the shoulder in half of the groups and were left 0.5 mm short in the other half to comprise the four experimental groups. Marginal seal was evaluated at faci...

The extraction efficiency of heavy metals from soils using three forms of gamma poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) as the washing agents was investigated. Controlling factors including agent concentrations, extraction time, pH, and liquid to soil ratio were evaluated to determine the optimum operational conditions. The distribution of heavy metal species in soils before and after extraction processes w...

It is shown that the error field in a tokamak can be shielded by a flowing liquid metal wall. In particular, a flowing liquid metal wall can prevent resonance amplification of the error field by the plasma near its no-wall stability limit. PACS numbers: 52.35.Py, 52.55.Fa, 52.55.Hc The resistive wall mode stability is an issue of concern for tokamak confinement [1]. Experimentally, it was obser...

We report an x-ray scattering study of the microscopic structure of the surface of a liquid alkali metal. The bulk liquid structure factor of the eutectic K67Na33 alloy is characteristic of an ideal mixture, and so shares the properties of an elemental liquid alkali metal. Analysis of off-specular diffuse scattering and specular x-ray reflectivity shows that the surface roughness of the K-Na al...

The development of solid plasma-facing components (PFCs) that can withstand high heat and particle fluxes during normal and abnormal events has proven to be a difficult task for future power-producing magnetically confined reactors. Solid PFC cannot be reliably used because of the large erosion losses during normal and off-normal events such as disruptions and their consequences. The use of liq...

Gallium-based room-temperature liquid metals possess extremely valuable properties, such as low toxicity, low vapor pressure, and high thermal and electrical conductivity enabling them to become suitable substitutes for mercury and beyond in wide range of applications. When exposed to air, a native oxide layer forms on the surface of gallium-based liquid metals which mechanically stabilizes the...