The avermectins (AVM) are macrocyclic lactone derivatives produced by Streptomyces avermitilis, which have potent anthelmintic as well as insecticidal activities (Egerton et al., 1979; Ostlind et aL, 1979; Putter et al., 1981). These compounds consist of four major components (A~a, A:a, Bl~, B2a) and four minor components (A~b, AEb, Bmb, BEb) but it is presumed that all avermectins share a comm...

BACKGROUND Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital masses of arteries and veins that appear to undergo an unclear "maturation" for many years. Using structured interviews, we compared developmental history of adult patients with AVM with a comparison group of patients with cerebral tumor or aneurysm. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a remote history of developmental abnormali...

The long-term outcomes of gamma knife surgery (GKS) in patients with posterior fossa arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were retrospectively analyzed in 82 patients followed up for more than 5 years to evaluate the efficacy and safety. The median AVM volume at GKS was 0.95 cm(3). The prescribed dose to the AVM margin was median 18 Gy with 1-18 isocenters. The actual complete AVM obliteration ra...

Abnormal vaginal microbiota (AVM) or bacterial vaginosis (BV) might negatively impact reproductive outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, before randomized controlled trials are initiated to investigate cause and effect, it is necessary to establish the optimal treatment for AVM. Metronidazole seems ineffective to treat the biofilm in AVM; thus, clindamycin could be suggested as a r...

OBJECTIVE To characterize clinical features of avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) in American coots. DESIGN Case-control study. ANIMALS 26 AVM-affected American coots and 12 unaffected coots. PROCEDURES Complete physical, neurologic, hematologic, and plasma biochemical evaluations were performed. Affected coots received supportive care. All coots died or were euthanatized, and AVM status w...

Brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an important cause of hemorrhagic stroke. The etiology is largely unknown and the therapeutics are controversial. A review of AVM-associated animal models may be helpful in order to understand the up-to-date knowledge and promote further research about the disease. We searched PubMed till December 31, 2014, with the term "arteriovenous malformation," li...

Background: The authors introduced a rare case of intracranial malignant melanoma. Case presentation: A 32 year-old male patient presented to the hospital with signs and symptoms commonly seen in the presentation of a hemorrhagic stroke. The patient was diagnosed as having an Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM) after a thorough history, physical examination and radiographic imaging were performed ...

We describe a case of a patient who presented with hematuria and was diagnosed with a renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Transcatheter arterial embolization subsequently was performed on this lesion multiple times. Follow-up imaging demonstrated that the AVM was masking an underlying, rapidly growing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We describe the pathological and radiographic characteristics ...

A 55 year-old man started with headaches in 2005. He underwent MRI that showed left frontal arteriovenous malformations (AVM) without evidence of hemorrhage. An arteriography revealed AVM supplied by the left anterior cerebral artery (Figures 1A and 1B). In 2010 the patient had an episode of cerebral hemorrhage confirmed with CT and MRI (Figures 2A, 2B and 2C). Referred to our service for treat...

Arteriovenous (AV) malformation (AVM) is a devastating condition characterized by focal lesions of enlarged, tangled vessels that shunt blood from arteries directly to veins. AVMs can form anywhere in the body and can cause debilitating ischemia and life-threatening hemorrhagic stroke. The mechanisms that underlie AVM formation remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the cellular and hemody...