Image restoration has been an active research area. Dierent formulations are eective in high qualityrecovery. Partial Dierential Equations (PDEs) have become an important tool in image processingand analysis. One of the earliest models based on PDEs is Perona-Malik model that is a kindof anisotropic diusion (ANDI) lter. Anisotropic diusion lter has become a valuable tool indierent elds of image...

Caussinus’s loglinear model of quasi symmetry has interesting connections with models for within-subject effects with repeated categorical measurement. For binary responses, Tjur (1982) showed that estimates of main effect parameters in the quasi-symmetry model are also conditional maximum likelihood estimates of item parameters for a fixed effects treatment of subject terms in the Rasch item r...

This article presents an overview of Probabilistic Automata (PA) and discrete Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), and aims at clarifying the links between them. The first part of this work concentrates on probability distributions generated by these models. Necessary and sufficient conditions for an automaton to define a probabilistic language are detailed. It is proved that probabilistic deterministi...

(or T) violation arises only from effects of the third family explains why its effects are ordinarily so small. We usually study matter made out of just the first two families, so the only CP-violating effects occur through the small, indirect influence of virtual heavy particles from the third family. Ambitious plans are afoot to study particles containing b quarks directly. When such particle...

L1 and Alu elements are long and short interspersed retrotransposable elements (LINEs and SINEs) in humans, respectively. Proteins encoded in the autonomous L1 mediate retrotransposition of the nonautonomous Alu and cellular mRNAs. Alu is the only active SINE in the human genome and is derived from 7SL RNA of signal recognition particle. In the other eukaryotic genomes, various tRNA- and 5S rRN...