Starch is present in amyloplasts as semi-crystalline intracellular waterinsoluble granules, with alternating crystalline and amorphous layers. Starch is a glucan homopolymer composed of one-quarter amylose (molecular mass 10–10Da) and three-quarters amylopectin (molecular mass 10–10Da), along with traces of lipids (0.1–1.0%) and proteins (0.05–0.5%). Amylose is essentially a linear glucan polym...

Modulation of the malate content of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit by altering the expression of mitochondrially localized enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle resulted in enhanced transitory starch accumulation and subsequent effects on postharvest fruit physiology. In this study, we assessed whether such a manipulation would similarly affect starch biosynthesis in an organ that displa...

There is some evidence on the effects of organic acids on the functional properties of native starches. However, there is little information on such effects on modified starches. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of L-ascorbic acid (150 mg kg, as the permitted level in bakery products) on functional properties of cross-linked wheat starch. Once the starch was treated...

ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.27), starch synthases (EC 2.4.1.21), and SBEs (EC 2.4.1.18) are the key enzymes in the pathway of plant starch biosynthesis. Starch is a polymer of Glc that exists as two fractions, amylose and amylopectin, in maize (Zea mays L.) kernel amyloplasts. The essentially linear polymer amylose contains a-1,4-linked Glc, whereas the branched polymer amylopectin cont...

An F3 population consisting of 117 F2:3 families derived from a cross between two varieties of rice, Gongmi No. 3 and Diantun 502, with a large difference in their resistant starch and total alkaloid content, was used for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. Two QTLs of resistant starch for rice (qRS7-1, qRS7-2) were identified in a linkage group on chromosome 7, which could explain phenotyp...

This update focuses on the starch that accumulates in the guard cells that control stomatal pore size and thus the exchange of water vapor, CO2, and O2 between the leaf and the atmosphere. Transitory starch in these cells plays a key role in determining the velocity of stomatal opening in the light. This significantly differs from the transitory starch in the mesophyll leaves, which acts primar...

Plastic used in food packaging causes permanent damage to living things. Therefore, biodegradable has gained importance. In this study, composite plates made from cross-linked wheat starch and cellulose-based fibers were examined for their physical mechanical properties. The properties significantly altered when the obtained examined. According texture analysis, plate with lowest brittleness hi...

Objective. The objective was to compare the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to nutrition bars containing either cross-linked RS type 4 (RS4(XL)) or standard wheat starch in normoglycemic adults (n = 13; age = 27 +/- 5 years; BMI = 25 +/- 3 kg/m(2)). Methods. Volunteers completed three trials during which they consumed a glucose beverage (GLU), a puffed wheat control bar (PWB), a...