an important issue in power generation and petrochemical industries is the monitoring of pipe wall thickness and corrosion/erosion rate. the pipes are usually subject to erosive and/or corrosive environments and any failure could be catastrophic. while periodic manual ultrasonic thickness measurement is the common practice in many industries, in certain cases, where higher accuracies are requir...

Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) is a nonlinear dynamic data reconciliation (NDDR) method. One of its main advantages is its suitability for on-line applications. This paper presents an on-line NDDR method using EKF. It is implemented for two case studies, temperature measurements of a distillation column and concentration measurements of a CSTR. In each time step, random numbers with zero m...

We cannot perform the projective measurement of a momentum on a half line since it is not an observable. Nevertheless, we would like to obtain some physical information of the momentum on a half line. We define an optimality for measurement as minimizing the variance between an inferred outcome of the measured system before a measuring process and a measurement outcome of the probe system after...

In this paper, a new on-line measurement and accuracy analysis method for part configuration and surface is presented by combining computer vision and neural networks. Different from conventional contact measurement, it is non-contact measurement method, and it can operate on-line. In this method, the 3D configuration and surface of part are reconstructed from stereo image pair taken by compute...

In a continuous chemical process, the accuracy and reliability of process and analytical measurements creates the basis for control system performance and ultimately for product uniformity. Measurement results, whether from fast on-line measurement devices or from sample-based laboratory analyses, is the key for selecting the method for process control and analysis. Intelligent and advanced con...

The concept of angles is one of the foundational concepts to develop of geometric knowledge, but it remains a difficult concept for students and teachers to grasp. Exiting studies claimed that students’ difficulties in learning of the concept of angles are based on learning of the multiple definitions of an angle, describing angles measuring the size of angles, and conceiving different types of...

In recent years, the balanced score card (BSC) has been the focus of considerable methodology for strategic cost management in management accounting area since it was originally proposed by Kaplan ,R.S. and Norton, D.P. in 1992. BSC is an approach to performance measurement based on both financial and nonfinancial information from four perspectives which are called financial, customer, inter...

in recent years, the balanced score card (bsc) has been the focus of considerable methodology for strategic cost management in management accounting area since it was originally proposed by kaplan ,r.s. and norton, d.p. in 1992. bsc is an approach to performance measurement based on both financial and nonfinancial information from four perspectives which are called financial, customer, internal...