Three of five virally suppressed human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1)-infected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy and followed intensively with a supersensitive reverse transcriptase PCR assay with a lower limit of quantitation of 5 copies/ml showed statistically significant viral load decays below 50 copies/ml, with half-lives of 5 to 8 months and a mean of 6 mon...

We formulate the work output and efficiency for linear irreversible heat engines working between a finite-sized hot heat source and an infinite-sized cold heat reservoir until the total system reaches the final thermal equilibrium state with a uniform temperature. We prove that when the heat engines operate at the maximum power under the tight-coupling condition without heat leakage the work ou...

In experimental sciences, random processes often place a fundamental limit on the achievable resolution. A well known example is the Johnson noise voltage across a resistor. In this paper, we describe the observation of temperature fluctuations in a thermometer caused by the random transfer of heat in and out of it. This process places a fundamental limit on the resolution of a thermometer. We ...

for technical and economic success of miscible gas injection projects, an accurate laboratory measurement of minimum miscibility pressure (mmp) at reservoir conditions is essential. on the other hand, compositional reservoir simulator is a useful tool in gas injection studies and prediction of mmp. the main goal of this paper is to describe a procedure to generate a three phase sequential type ...

Hybrid sol-gel technology was used for fabrication of prototypes of coaxial two, three and four telescopes beam combiners for astronomical applications. These devices were designed for the astronomical J-band and have been characterized using an optical source with emission centered at 1265 nm and with a spectral FWHM of 50 nm. Interferometric characterization of the two, three and four beam co...