BACKGROUND Limbic encephalitis, an immune-mediated encephalitis, results from inflammation in the medial temporal lobes. The paraneoplastic form is rare in pediatric population, and frequently precedes tumor diagnosis. CASE CHARACTERISTICS A 9-year-old boy receiving chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma, developed headache, temporal lobe seizures, anxiety, hallucinations, short-term memory loss a...

BACKGROUND This study tested the hypothesis that microstructural white matter abnormalities in frontostriatal-limbic tracts are associated with poor response inhibition on the Stroop task in depressed elders. METHOD Fifty-one elders with major depression participated in a 12-week escitalopram trial. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to determine fractional anisotropy (FA) in white matter regi...

The formation of brain circuits requires molecular recognition between functionally related neurons. We report the cloning of a molecule that participates in these interactions. The limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP) is an immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily member with 3 Ig domains and a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor. In the developing forebrain, lamp is expressed mostly by ne...

Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is a rare cause of subacute dementia. A patient with limbic encephalitis and small-cell lung carcinoma is reported in whom the onset of subacute cognitive impairment was obscured by concurrent Alzheimer's disease. MRI revealed increased T2 signal in medial temporal lobes which corresponded to inflammatory pathology demonstrated at necropsy. High titres of anti...

Some years ago, while he was President of Harvard, James B. Conant ~ pointed out that scientific theories are not overthrown by the accumulation of observations inconsistent with them, but are only abandoned by displacement by theories that encompass more data and explain known 'exceptions' to the general rules of the existing theory. In short, established concepts and theories disappear only w...

BACKGROUND Abnormality of limbic-cortical networks was postulated in depression. Using a regional homogeneity (ReHo) approach, we explored the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of the brain regions in patients with first-episode, treatment-naïve, short-illness-duration, and treatment-response depression in resting state to test the abnormality hypothesis of limbic-cortical networks in major depressiv...

Recent developmental brain imaging studies have demonstrated that negatively coupled prefrontal-limbic circuitry implicates the maturation of brain development in adolescents. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and independent component analysis (ICA), the present study examined functional network coupling between prefrontal and limbic systems and links to self-...

Neural activity persisting for one to hundreds of seconds has been postulated to be a substrate of memory. This review article illustrates examples of such activity in limbic system structures including the hippocampus, postsubiculum, and the anterodorsal thalamus. These neuronal responses include better known correlates with the spatial position as well as with head direction of the animal rel...

The head-direction (HD) cells found in the limbic system in freely mov ing rats represent the instantaneous head direction of the animal in the horizontal plane regardless of the location of the animal. The internal direction represented by these cells uses both self-motion information for inertially based updating and familiar visual landmarks for calibration. Here, a model of the dynamics of ...

Recently, many cases of autoimmune limbic encephalitis with positive GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase) antibodies have been described in the scientific literature. However, it remains an understudied topic of great relevance to practicing neurologists. Thus, we report here a review of published cases, in English, of autoimmune limbic encephalitis with this type of antibodies, focusing on pres...