Scotland’s health, when compared to other Western European countries is relatively poor. As judged by life expectancy at birth, only Portugal has a lower life expectancy for males and there are no Western European countries whose females have a lower life expectancy. Figure 1 shows the trend in male life expectancy during the 20 century in Scotland and in 16 other Western European countries. It...

Originality/value: This chapter for the first time examines how association between education and premarital cohabitation changes over across different marriage cohorts whether diffusion process has happened like what been observed in Western countries. The findings suggest that China is developing patterns trends of demographic because its unique institutional cultural context.

Monitoring levels ofpsychopharmacological agents for the purpose of optimising treatment is being recommended for increasing number of situations in routine psychiatry practice by some western authors. As a result most psychiatrists in developed countries advise drug assays for many patients on psychopharmacological treatment. Even in developing countries like India, therapeutic drug monitoring...

The transmission of the Christian faith is severely broken in many western European countries. This does not bode well for future Christianity these regions. In face this situation, Christians might be tempted either to “retreat” from world and foster sectarian communities or more less completely “merge” with contemporary society. Both options are erroneous amount a distortion what genuine witn...