The first objective in any financial organization is to improve performance, and performance evaluation also is one of the best ways to advance operations in organizations. By utilizing different methods of performance evaluation, organizations can evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of processes that are in accord with strategic objectives. In addition, the performance evaluation instrum...

Most existing digital wallet implementations support a single or a limited set of proprietary financial instruments and protocols for electronic commerce transactions, preventing a user from having one consolidated digital wallet to manage all of his or her financial instruments. Commercial efforts to implement extensible digital wallets that are capable of inter-operating with multiple instrum...

Abstract: The intermarket analysis, in particular the lead–lag relationship, plays an important role within financial markets. Therefore, a mathematical approach to be able to find interrelations between the price development of two different financial instruments is developed in this paper. Computing the differences of the relative positions of relevant local extrema of two charts, i.e., the l...

Default risk is one of the most important types of risks, and credit default swap (CDS) is one of the most effective financial instruments to cover such risks. The lack of these instruments may reduce investment attraction, particularly for international investors, and impose potential losses on the economy of the countries lacking such financial instruments, among them, Iran. After the 2007 fi...

“occupy wall street” movement which has aimed the heart of the global financial capitalist system enjoys a special significance in the perspective of social-economic- political, human rights (work force), moral and cultural heritage of nations and can be considered as a symbol of work force economic jihad in national and global level in order to realize justice and socio-economic equality. but ...

Why are new financial instruments created? Why are they needed and what purpose do they serve? This paper proposes the view that financial development arises as a response to the contractual needs of emerging technologies. Exogenous technological progress generates a demand for new financial instruments in order to share risk or overcome private information, for example. A model of the dynamics...

banks' major responsibility, as the largest financial intermediaries, is to provide and allocate resources. this activity has its own risks which cause banks to seek ways of preventing or transferring them to other places. islamic banks as substitutes of conventional banks in islamic countries have, in their turn, faced similar risks. in regard to new evolutions in banking industry and man...