I estimate the effect of professional licensing policy on training. The licensing regulations data come from a panel which contains rich variation in professional licensing policy for four diverse occupations. The individual-level data come from two supplements to the Current Population Survey. Licensing regulations seem to have little effect on vocational class enrollment. I find evidence that...

This paper studies factors that might affect the price (i.e. a fixed licensing fee) and the demand for technology licensing. The author finds that the licensor’s licensing fee is found to increase in the degree of product differentiation between technology holders, the degree of knowledge inappropriability, and the level of transaction costs of technology licensing. Also, product differentiatio...

During late mitosis and early G1, a series of proteins are assembled onto replication origins that results in them becoming 'licensed' for replication in the subsequent S phase. In Xenopus this first involves the assembly onto chromatin of the Xenopus origin recognition complex XORC, and then XCdc6, and finally the RLF-M component of the replication licensing system. In this paper we examine ch...

Cdt1 plays a key role in licensing DNA for replication. In the somatic cells of metazoans, both Cdt1 and its natural inhibitor geminin show reciprocal fluctuations in their protein levels owing to cell cycle-dependent proteolysis. Here, we show that the protein levels of Cdt1 and geminin are persistently high during the rapid cell cycles of the early Xenopus embryo. Immunoprecipitation of Cdt1 ...

Although the replication, expression, and maintenance of DNA are well-studied processes, the way that they are coordinated is poorly understood. Here, we report an analysis of the changing association of proteins with chromatin (the chromatin proteome) during progression through interphase of the cell cycle. Sperm nuclei were incubated in Xenopus egg extracts, and chromatin-associated proteins ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the association between licensing and registration of firearm sales and an indicator of gun availability to criminals. METHODS Tracing data on all crime guns recovered in 25 cities in the United States were used to estimate the relationship between state gun law categories and the proportion of crime guns first sold by in-state gun dealers. RESULTS In cities located i...

This paper presents a dynamic semantic approach to the licensing of Polarity Sensitive Items (PSIs) and n–words of Negative Concord. We propose that PSIs are unified by the semantic scale property, which is responsible for their sensitivity to the context; we develop a semantic licensing analysis based on Fauconnier’s (1975) scales and Ladusaw’s (1979) notion of entailment. The first part of th...

Objective—To determine the association between licensing and registration of firearm sales and an indicator of gun availability to criminals. Methods—Tracing data on all crime guns recovered in 25 cities in the United States were used to estimate the relationship between state gun law categories and the proportion of crime guns first sold by in-state gun dealers. Results—In cities located in st...

A number of recent studies have argued that grammatical illusions can arise in the process of completing linguistic dependencies, such that unlicensed material is temporarily treated as licensed due to the presence of a potential licensor that is semantically appropriate but in a syntactically inappropriate position. A frequently studied case involves illusory licensing of negative polarity ite...

The effectiveness of Iowa's graduated driver's licensing (GDL) program was evaluated for a 4-year period before and after implementation in 1999. Since some changes had occurred in the crash reporting format, changes in crash rates for younger drivers were compared to those for 35-44-year-old drivers (middle-age group of drivers) who were used as a control group. After implementation of GDL, th...