We present empirical evidence that, among a variety of cultural dimensions, the individualism-collectivism dimension, based on Hofstede’s (2001) data, is the most important and robustly significant effect of culture on long run growth. Other dimensions that have a significant effect, albeit less robust, are generally strongly correlated with individualism and convey similar information. We foun...

Models of culture are operationalized as individualism and collectivism and have not given sufficient attention to other organizing axes—especially how a society handles power, dependence, and equality. Shavitt, Lalwani, Zhang, and Torelli (2006) make a significant contribution by first reminding the field of power distance (Hofstede, 1980) and then moving beyond a single factor to highlight be...

Literature is a book that expresses the greatness of society. Ethics have been stated with intention instructing. In Naladiyar characteristics individual are explained in detail. It has advised to live public interest without selfishness. taught ethics elderly. Education necessary for man society by analyzing principles having patience actions and living maturity, depth friendship companionship...

Scholars, journalists, and activists working on climate change often distinguish between “individual” “structural” approaches to decarbonization. The former concern choices individuals can make reduce their “personal carbon footprint” (e.g. eating less meat). latter changes institutions, laws, other social structures. These two are framed as oppositional, representing a mutually exclusive force...