The increasing use of infertility treatments has given rise to the issue of filiation of the children conceived through such methods and created serious theoretical challenges. In this regard, it seems necessary to scrutinise the concept of filiation and understand its nature. The main question here would be whether filiation is a biological and natural concept, or a legal and normative one. Th...

Background: This study aimed to identify the barriers of trans-sectional cooperation in student sport.  Methods: The research method was qualitative content analysis. The statistical population included all student sports authorities, experienced physical education teachers, lawmakers, natural and legal people who were related to Iranian education in the 2018–2019 academic year plus documentat...

One of the important financial resources of municipalities for carrying out affairs is complications. The two types of complications that this institution receives are very common with natural or legal persons are the waste complications and the complications of modernization. Since it is one of the sources of income earned by the municipality, such an institution receives tolls from various in...

cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...