This study assesses the presence of a number of psychoactive substances, including alcohol, based on blood samples from 840 seriously injured drivers admitted to five selected hospitals located in five different regions of Denmark. The study was a part of the EU 6th framework program DRUID (Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines). Blood samples were screened for 30 illegal ...

Under federal law, it is illegal for youth under age 18 to purchase rifles or shotguns, and for those under age 21 to purchase handguns. However, fatality and injury statistics clearly show that guns are finding their way into young people's hands. Many of these youth obtain guns through illegal gun markets. This article focuses on how guns in the United States are manufactured, marketed, and s...

Political borders are controversial and contested spaces. In an attempt to better understand movement along and through political borders, we applied the metaphor of a membrane to look at how people, ideas, and things “move” through a border. More specifically, we employed this metaphor in a system dynamics framework to construct a computer model to assess legal and illegal migration on the US-...

National governments can only tax the economic activity they either directly observe or that is reported by municipal authorities. mining, a very common phenomenon in Colombia, changed with a tax reform that reduced the share of revenue transferred back to mining municipalities. To overcome the challenge of measuring illegal activity, we construct a novel dataset using machine learning predicti...

Caporalato is a widespread system of illegal recruitment and exploitation of underpaid farm labor run by Italian agrimafias. Most of this labor consists of irregular migrants vulnerable to exploitation due to their illegal status and the need of documents. In the 2011 migration wave over 64,000 migrants illegally landed on southern Italian coasts, and many of them may have supplied illegal work...

Digital goods such as music are vulnerable to illegal use over the internet. Technology-driven IT solutions to protection are useful but limited. Instead, we suggest that incentives to legal forms of consumption can be constructed by redesigning how the e-business model for digital content creates consumer value. We present a general framework that enables a quantified utility analysis and clar...