BACKGROUND The beating heart is the generator of blood flow through the cardiovascular system. Within the heart's own chambers, normal complex blood flow patterns can be disturbed by diseases. Methods for the quantification of intra-cardiac blood flow, with its 4D (3D+time) nature, are lacking. We sought to develop and validate a novel semi-automatic analysis approach that integrates flow and m...

SUMMARY Cause-specific hazard and cumulative incidence function are of practical importance in competing risks studies. Inferential procedures for these quantities are well developed and can be applied to semi-competing risks data, where a terminating event censors a non-terminating event, after coercing the data into the competing risks format. Complications arise when there is left truncation...

We analyze the left-right asymmetry of pion production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) process of unpolarized charged lepton on transversely polarized nucleon target. Unlike available treatments, in which some specific weighting functions are multiplied to separate theoretically motivated quantities, we do not introduce any weighting function following the analyzing method b...

or fracturing the commissures, but, as far as can be ascertained, few papers give detailed information about the merits of these pressure readings. In an earlier report from this hospital Pedersen and Tybjaerg Hansen (1953) published measurements from the left atrium in 15 cases. In 12 cases of valvotomy for mitral stenosis without significant regurgitation a decrease of pressure was recorded i...

The main ‘philosophical’ outcome of this article is to demonstrate that the structural description of residuated lattices requires the use of the co-residuated setting. A construction, called skew symmetrization, which generalizes the well-known representation of an ordered Abelian group obtained from the positive (or negative) cone of the algebra is introduced here. Its definition requires lea...

Uninorms are a generalization of t-norms and tconorms for which the neutral element is an element of [0,1] which is not necessarily equal to 0 (as for t-norms) or 1 (as for t-conorms). Uninorms on the unit interval are either conjunctive or disjunctive, i.e. they aggregate the pair (0,1) to either 0 or 1. In reallife applications, this kind of aggregation may be counter-intuitive. Atanassov’s i...

Paving is a method for constructing new operations from a given one. We will show that this method can be used to construct associative, commutative and monotone operations from particular given operations (from basic ‘paving stones’). We will discuss properties of the resulting operations by considering different cases of the ‘paving stones’ and the starting position of paving. Finally, we wil...

AIM The left internal mammary artery is the graft of choice for coronary artery bypass surgery. The necessity for preoperative internal mammary artery angiography is still controversial. We designed a prospective left internal mammary angiography for evaluating the risk of stenosis in the left internal mammary and subclavian artery, and the risk and the necessity for pre-operative internal mamm...

Over the years numerous branch-and-bound procedures for solving the resource-constrained project scheduling problem have been developed. Enumerating delaying alternatives, extension alternatives, feasible posets, feasible sequences or feasible subsets, they all aim at nding as fast as possible a makespan minimal schedule among the resource and precedence feasible ones. The enumeration is oftenl...