Several studies have shown that enteric viruses can be transferred onto the surface of vegetables and fruits through spray irrigation, but, recently, reports have suggested viral contamination of vegetables sub-irrigated with reused wastewater. Hydroponic cultures, used to grow ready to eat fresh lettuce, have also been used to study the possibility of viral absorption through roots. This study...

Reports on the occurrence of the cyanobacterial toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) have increased worldwide because of CYN toxic effects in humans and animals. If contaminated waters are used for plant irrigation, these could represent a possible CYN exposure route for humans. For the first time, a method employing solid phase extraction and quantification by ultra-performance liquid chromatography...

background: one of the most important ways of pathologic and non-pathologic parasites transmission is through eating raw vegetables. iranian people believe that eating raw vegetables is an important way to get some essential vitamins and minerals. objectives: according to the high prevalence of pathologic parasites and also exporting different vegetables to the other provinces such as tehran, w...

conclusions it may be concluded that parasites are common in vegetables that are frequently eaten raw, and the use of tap water does little to remove them. regarding the results of this study, the importance of vegetables in the transmission of intestinal parasites is stressed, and it is necessary to improve the sanitary conditions of these kinds of food. results the findings of forty three sam...