T-phylloplanin proteins secreted to aerial surfaces of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) by short procumbent trichomes inhibit spore germination and blue mold disease caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora tabacina. Many other plants were found to contain water-washed leaf surface proteins (phylloplanins), but the functions and properties of these are not known. Here we extend earlier evidence f...

BACKGROUND This trial aimed to assess the tolerability and efficacy of a fresh sage preparation in treating hot flushes and other menopausal complaints. Sage (Salvia officinalis) has been traditionally used to treat sweating and menopausal hot flushes, as well as to alleviate associated menopausal symptoms and as a general tonic. However, no clinical studies substantiating the use of sage in me...

In this study, the 454 pyrosequencing platform was used for analyzing the comparative transcriptomic profiles of leaf and root tissues of 1-month-old cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) plants under drought stress. A total of 56,354 and 49,308 reads were generated from leaf and root tissues, respectively, and clustered into 6,313 and 5,858 unigenes. The differentially expressed unigenes that showed up...

The distribution and subcellular localization of the two major proteases present in oat (Avena sativa L. cv Victory) leaves was investigated. Both the acidic protease, active at pH 4.5, and the neutral protease, active at pH 7.5, are soluble enzymes; a few percent of the enzyme activity was ionically bound or loosely associated with organellar structures sedimenting at 1000g. On the average, 16...

In plants, defensive proteins secreted to leaf aerial surfaces have not previously been considered to be a strategy of pathogen resistance, and the general occurrence of leaf surface proteins is not generally recognized. We found that leaf water washes (LWW) of the experimental plant Nicotiana tabacum tobacco introduction (TI) 1068 contained highly hydrophobic, basic proteins that inhibited spo...

Late leaf spot is a serious disease of peanut caused by the imperfect fungus, Phaeoisariopsis personata. Wild diploid species, Arachis diogoi. is reported to be highly resistant to this disease and asymptomatic. The objective of this study is to investigate the molecular responses of the wild peanut challenged with the late leaf spot pathogen using cDNA-AFLP and 2D proteomic study. A total of 2...

Autophagy is an intracellular process facilitating the vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic components and is important for nutrient recycling during starvation. We previously demonstrated that chloroplasts can be partially mobilized to the vacuole by autophagy via spherical bodies named Rubisco-containing bodies (RCBs). Although chloroplasts contain approximately 80% of total leaf nitrogen and ...

2-DE analysis of complex plant proteomes has limited dynamic resolution because only abundant proteins can be detected. Proteomic assessment of the low abundance proteins within leaf tissue is difficult when it is comprised of 30-50% of the CO(2) fixation enzyme Rubisco. Resolution can be improved through depletion of Rubisco using fractionation techniques based upon different physiological or ...

1. The non-virus proteins, A4, B3, and B6, characteristically found in tobacco leaf infected with TMV exhibit specific immunochemical cross-reactions with serum prepared against the virus. The close immunochemical relations which occur among these proteins do not extend to any normal tobacco leaf proteins. 2. The rate of appearance of the non-virus proteins in newly infected cultured leaf tissu...

The soluble (sap) proteins of leaves of pea, Pisum sativum L. cvs. Alaska and Greenfeast, allowed to develop normally or deflowered, to prevent senescence, were separated by isoelectric focusing.There was a decline in certain proteins, with increases in others as the leaves aged but preventing senescence of the whole plant did not alter the pattern of change in leaf proteins. We concluded that ...