The effect of temperature and electrical drive conditions on the output lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers is particular interest in ultrasound metrology medical applications. In this work, temperature-dependent two single-element PZT was measured between 22 °C 46 °C. Two independent measurement methods were used, namely radiation force balance measurements laser vibrometry. When driven ...

Charge transport mechanisms governing DC resistance degradation in ferroelectric films are influenced by defects, particularly oxygen vacancies. This paper demonstrates that vacancies migrate lead zirconate titanate (PZT) under a bias field and contribute to degradation. Model PZT thin were developed which the concentration distribution of controlled via (a) changing dopant type from 1%–4% Mn (...