The cytotoxic drug tunicamycin kills cells because it is a specific inhibitor of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:dolichol phosphate N-acetylglucosamine-1-P transferase (GPT), an enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides. In the presence of tunicamycin, asparagine-linked glycoproteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum are not glycosylated with N-linke...

Arsenic is a well-known human bladder and liver carcinogen, but its exact mechanism of carcinogenicity is not fully understood. Dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) is a major urinary metabolite of sodium arsenite (iAsIII) and induces urinary bladder cancers in rats. DMAV and iAsIII are negative in in vitro mutagenicity tests. However, their in vivo mutagenicities have not been determined. The purpose o...

The Paige and Tarjan algorithm (PT) for computing the coarsest refinement of a state partition which is a bisimulation on some Kripke structure is well known. It is also well known in abstract model checking that bisimulation is equivalent to strong preservation of CTL and in particular of Hennessy-Milner logic. Building on these facts, we analyze the basic steps of the PT algorithm from an abs...

As slight abnormal values of serum GOT and GPT levels are observed very often in health examinations, we studied the effects of overweight or habitual drinking on the two transaminase levels using data from health examinations of male clerical workers aged 40-54. The serum GPT level had a linear positive correlation with the obesity index (p<0.01), whereas association of the obesity index and s...

Scientific literature postulates that nanotechnology is to be considered as general purpose technology (GPT), characterized by pervasiveness, high technological dynamism and the inducement of innovations within a variety of applications. We set out to not only further systematize existing approaches investigating nanotechnology’s GPT traits based on patent applications, but to extend the analys...

Genomic DNA from normal human or mouse cells was transfected together with the selectable marker gpt into the simian virus 40-transformed ataxia telangiectasia fibroblast line, AT5BIVA. From a series of experiments involving over 400,000 clones selected for the gpt marker, one unambiguously radiation-resistant clone (clone 67) was recovered following selection with repeated cycles of gamma irra...

We describe the GPT system and its utilization over a number of examples. GPT (General Planning Tool) is an integrated software tool for modeling, analyzing and solving a wide range of planning problems dealing with uncertainty and partial information, that has been used for us and others for research and teaching. Our approach is based on different state models that can handle various types of...

Metals are toxic agents for which genotoxic effects are often difficult to demonstrate. To study metal mutagenesis, we have used two stable hprt/gpt+ transgenic cell lines that were derived from Chinese hamster V79 cells. Both the G12 and G10 cell lines are known to be very sensitive to clastogens such as X-rays and bleomycin, with the mutagenic response of the integrated xanthine guanine phosp...

Mammalian cells in culture have been used to study the genetic effects of physical and chemical agents. We have used Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, clone K1-BH4, to quantify mutations at the X-linked, large (35 kb) hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus (the CHO/HPRT assay) induced by environmental agents. By transfecting an hprt-deletion mutant CHO cell line with the p...

In a 94-year-old male cadaver, upon which routine dissection was being conducted, a rare variation was found in the gastrophrenic trunk (GPT), the common trunk of the left gastric artery (LGA), right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA), and left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA); the GPT arises from the abdominal aorta. A hepatosplenic trunk accompanied the variation. In this variation, the RIPA first ...