Laboratory studies were carried out to ascertain the current susceptibility status of adult and larval stages of the Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito, vector of Japanese encephalitis, to various insecticides used under public health programs in India. The present study revealed that exposure of adult mosquitoes to diagnostic concentrations of DDT - 4.0%, malathion - 5.0%, fenitrothion - 1.0%, a...

We conducted this study to investigate the efficacy of herbal essential oils from 12 species of Zingiberaceae plants to determine their larvicidal and pupicidal activity against fourth instar larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. Probit analysis was used to analyze the data. Larval mortality was recorded at 1, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes and 24 hours. Pupal m...

Populations of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) larvae from two locations : Ooty and Oddanchatram (Tamil Nadu State) were found to be infected by a granulosis virus (GV). The virus was highly pathogenic to P. xylostella larvae and was responsible for the collapse of laboratory colonies of the insect. Restriction endonuclease analysis of the viral DNA with Pst 1, Hind 3, Bam H1 and ...

BACKGROUND The role of enterococci in the pathogenesis of polymicrobial infections is still debated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of virulent enterococci in the presence or absence of Escherichia coli strains in the in vivo Caenorhabditis elegans model. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This study demonstrated that there was a synergistic effect on virulence when an association of en...

the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis, an important greenhouse pest, has acquired rapid resistance to the chemical pesticides. therefore, biological control is worth consideration as an alternative control method. among the biological control agents, entomopathogenic fungi showed to be quite successful in some occasions. in this study, three iranian isolates of metarhizium anisop...

The species Cyanocyclas brasiliana (Deshayes, 1854) is endemic to South America and occurs in northern Brazil, the state of Amazonas, Pará Piauí. present study was carried out Parnaíba River estuary, Piauí, Brazil. objective this verify tolerance limit survival freshwater bivalve submitted an increasing salinity gradient under laboratory conditions. specimens (19.49 26.47 mm) were kept containe...

Blueberry cultivars with varying percentages of species ancestry (V. corymbosum L., V. angustifolium Ait., V. ashei Reade, V. darrowi Camp) were assayed in mid-February to determine initial bud hardiness, and rates of deacclimation under constant temperature conditions. The LT50 (the temperature at which 50% lethality occurs) of detached shoots of field-grown plants of ‘Weymouth’, ‘Bluecrop’, ‘...

The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is an important pest of stored cowpea, Vigna ungiculata (L.) Walpers (Fabales: Fabaceae), with ample distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. Many plant essential oils have a broad-spectrum activity against pest insects, and these oils traditionally have been used in the protection of stored products. In this study...

The fumigant toxicity of various essential oils and selected monoterpenoid components were tested against the adult German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). Responses varied according to plant material, concentration, and exposure time. High insecticidal activity against adult B. germanica specimens was achieved with allyl isothiocyanate (component of horseradish)...

A large number of plant essential oils have been used against diverse insect pests since they, unlike conventional pesticides, present no risk to humans and the environment. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of Azilia eryngioides (Pau) Hedge et Lamond (Apiaceae) essential oil against 1to 7-d-old Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Curculionidae) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Tenebri...