The first part of this paper gives an overview of a simplified approach to the statistical analysis of PET and fMRI data, including new developments and future directions. The second part outlines a new method, based on multivariate linear models (MLM), for characterising the response in PET and fMRI data, which overcomes some of the drawbacks of current methods such as SSM, SVD, PLS and CVA.

BACKGROUND Among the main data-analytical advances of recent decades are Latent Growth Models (LGM) and Multilevel Models (MLM) for the analysis of longitudinal data. OBJECTIVE We discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of the two analytical methods and offer some practical guidelines concerning the choice between LGM and MLM based on (a). completeness and balance of the data, (b). ...

12 Abstract Per definition, CSCL research deals with the data of individuals nested in groups, 13 and the influence of a specific learning setting on the collaborative process of learning. 14 Most well-established statistical methods are not able to analyze such nested data 15 adequately. This article describes the problems which arise when standard methods are 16 applied and introduces multile...

The Mid-Level Model (MLM) is a MITRE CAASD-developed fast-time network simulation of the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS) and other world regions. We present a brief overview of MLM and an example of an MLM application to Air Traffic Flow Management (TFM). TFM actions are commonly used to mitigate capacity/demand imbalances within the NAS. Modeling TFM events has proven challenging in the pa...

The use and quality of longitudinal research designs has increased over the past two decades, and new approaches for analyzing longitudinal data, including multi-level modeling (MLM) and latent growth modeling (LGM), have been developed. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of MLM and its advantages in analyzing longitudinal data. Data from a sample of individuals with intra-arti...

Capsicum species are very important in Brazil because of economic, cultural and biological factors, and the country is considered to be a diversity center for this genus. Collection and maintenance of the genetic diversity in Capsicum are important to avoid genetic erosion. Besides the identification of species, the characterization and evaluation of accessions maintained in gene banks are of f...

The renewed urgency to develop new treatments for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection has resulted in large-scale phenotypic screening and thousands of new active compounds in vitro. The next challenge is to identify candidates to pursue in a mouse in vivo efficacy model as a step to predicting clinical efficacy. We previously analyzed over 70 years of this mouse in vivo efficacy data, w...

Multilevel data structures are common in the social sciences. Often, such nested data are analysed with multilevel models (MLMs) in which heterogeneity between clusters is modelled by continuously distributed random intercepts and/or slopes. Alternatively, the non-parametric multilevel regression mixture model (NPMM) can accommodate the same nested data structures through discrete latent class ...

We evaluated the genetic variation of cassava accessions based on qualitative (binomial and multicategorical) and quantitative traits (continuous). We characterized 95 accessions obtained from the Cassava Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura; we evaluated these accessions for 13 continuous, 10 binary, and 25 multicategorical traits. First, we analyzed the accessions based only on q...

Fermented mixtures containing fish-offal meal (FOM) and mulberry leaf meal (MLM) were used as protein supplement to partially replace fish meal (FM) in the formulation of diets for the Indian minor carp Labeo bata. The diets included a reference diet (20 % FM), three diets of fermented mixture of FOM and MLM (T2–T4) replacing 50 to 75 % of FM. Formulation of diet with 30 % FOM, 24 % MLM and 5 ...