BACKGROUND Laterally wedged insoles are widely applied in the conservative treatment for medial knee osteoarthritis. Experimental studies have been conducted to understand the effectiveness of such an orthotic intervention. However, the information was limited to the joint external loading such as knee adduction moment. The internal stress distribution is difficult to be obtained from in vivo e...

Stellar-mass BHs (sBHs) are predicted to be embedded in active galactic nuclei (AGN) disks due gravitational drag and in-situ star formation. However, we find that a high gas density an AGN disk environment, compact objects may rapidly grow intermediate-mass deplete matter from the unless accretion is suppressed by some feedback process(es). These consequences inconsistent with observations dyn...