PURPOSE To assess the usefulness of MR in the evaluation of patients with Horner's syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS We prospectively performed MR imaging in 33 patients with Horner's syndrome (13 preganglionic and 20 postganglionic) using a protocol specifically designed for pre- and postganglionic varieties of this syndrome. Assignment of patients to pre- or postganglionic categories was perfo...

Altered pain appreciation and autonomic function are hallmarks of Cardiac syndrome X, Irritable bowel syndrome and Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Both pain appreciation and autonomic function are controlled by the lateral medulla. This hypothesis proposes that lateral medullary ischaemia at a microvascular level is responsible for these syndromes and could also be linked to other conditions wher...

Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone production from adrenal medullary lesions has occasionally been described. We retrospectively reviewed all 164 cases of Cushing's syndrome and 77 cases of pheochromocytomas during 10 years. Of all cases with Cushing's syndrome, only two cases (1.2 %) were due to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone production from adrenal medullary le...

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2017.03.004 2405-6502/© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under ipsilateral body lateropulsion as an initial symptom of lower lateral medullary infarction and review the existing literature regarding isolated body lateropulsion (iBL) caused by lateral medullary infarction. A brief description on the Case 1 has been publ...

BACKGROUND Central hypoventilation and paroxysmal hypertension are uncommon complications of medullary infarction. To our knowledge, the combination of these autonomic complications of medullary stroke has not previously been reported. OBJECTIVE To describe a patient who experienced life-threatening paroxysmal attacks of central apnea and vasomotor instability 3 months after medullary infarct...