The association of nutrient intake with the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was investigated in a population-based case-control study conducted in three counties of western Washington State from 1990 to 1994. Incident ALS cases (n = 161) were identified and individually matched on age and gender to population controls (n = 321). A self-administered food frequency questionnaire was u...

The blockade of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) with GABA(A) receptor agonist muscimol induces robust hypertonic NaCl and water intake by rats. In the present study we investigated the effects of previous injections of losartan (AT(1) angiotensin receptor antagonist) into the LPBN on 0.3M NaCl and water intake induced by muscimol injected bilaterally in the same area in fluid replete ra...

Central cholinergic mechanisms are suggested to participate in osmoreceptor-induced water intake. Therefore, central injections of the cholinergic agonist carbachol usually produce water intake (i.e., thirst) and are ineffective in inducing the intake of hypertonic saline solutions (i.e., the operational definition of sodium appetite). Recent studies have indicated that bilateral injections of ...

Wilson, John D., Danielle M. Nicklous, Vincent J. Aloyo, and Kenny J. Simansky. An orexigenic role for -opioid receptors in the lateral parabrachial nucleus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285: R1055–R1065, 2003; 10.1152/ajpregu.00108.2003. The pontine parabrachial nucleus (PBN) has been implicated in regulating ingestion and contains opioids that promote feeding elsewhere in the brain....

Energy balance results from the coordination of multiple pathways affecting energy expenditure and food intake. Candidate neuropeptides involved in energy balance are the melanocortins. Several species, including Siberian hamsters studied here, decrease and increase food intake in response to stimulation and blockade of the melanocortin 4-receptor (MC4-R). In addition, central application of th...

In this outline of the neural control of food intake, no attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive survey of the literature since there are several symposia and reviews available which summarize the extensive work in this field (Grossman, 1975; Novin et al. 1976; Silverstone, 1976; Morgane & Panksepp, 1980; Hoebel & Novin, 1982). Instead some current concepts of the neural control of foo...

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a well-characterized neuromodulator in the central nervous system, primarily implicated in the regulation of feeding. NPY, orexins, and ghrelin form a hypothalamic food intake regulatory circuit. Orexin and ghrelin are also implicated in sleep-wake regulation. In the present experiments, we studied the sleep-modulating effects of central administration of NPY in rats. Ra...

EPSTEIN, ALAN N., AND PHILIP TEITELBAUM. Speczjic Zo.s.s of the hypoglyemic control of feeding in recovered lateral rats. Am. J. Phvsiol. 213(5): 1159-l 167. , 1967.-Rats that are eating and regulatin, u food intake after recovery from the initial aphagia and anorexia of lateral hypothalamic lesions do not eat more during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The deficit is specific. They do increase f...

BACKGROUND The question is which hypothalamic systems for food intake might play a role in ethanol intake and contribute to alcohol abuse. The peptide orexin was found to exhibit similar properties to galanin in its relation to dietary fat and may therefore be similar to galanin in having a stimulatory effect on alcohol intake. METHODS Rats were trained to drink 10% ethanol, implanted with br...

Intracerebroventricular administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide (GLP-1) reduces food intake and produces symptoms of visceral illness, such as a conditioned taste aversion (CTA). The central hypothesis of the present work is that separate populations of GLP-1 receptors mediate the anorexia and taste aversion associated with GLP-1 administration. To test this hypothesis, we first ...