MeThODS In 16 cadavers, the motor innervations of the orbicularis oculi muscle (m.OO) were studied. Multiple anastomoses between the 3 buccal branches were noticed within the medial two-thirds of the lower lid just below the arcus marginalis. They did not anastomose with the zygomatic branch, which tangentially entered the m.OO in front of the lateral canthus. Hence, the safety of m.OO undermin...

introduCtion: The pedicled ALT reaches defects from the mid-abdomen to the perineum, and can extend to cover the knee in reverse pedicled ALTs. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) provides sensation to the well-known flap. Based off of the descending branch of the lateral femoral cutaneous artery, multiple skin islands and the vastus lateralis muscle can be combined. We present the safet...

introduCtion: The pedicled ALT reaches defects from the mid-abdomen to the perineum, and can extend to cover the knee in reverse pedicled ALTs. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) provides sensation to the well-known flap. Based off of the descending branch of the lateral femoral cutaneous artery, multiple skin islands and the vastus lateralis muscle can be combined. We present the safet...

INTRODUCTION Ulnar nerve is a branch of the brachial plexus. In the front of the forearm, normally near the wrist joint, it gives a dorsal cutaneous branch which supplies the skin of the dorsum of the hand. CASE PRESENTATION The present case reports a very rare finding, the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve along with the main nerve trunk originated between the two heads of the flexor carpi ul...

There are multiple nerve branches supplying the triceps. Traditionally, the nerve to the long head of triceps is utilized for nerve transfer to neurotize the deltoid muscle in patients with brachial plexus injuries. However, no anatomical studies were done to investigate which triceps nerve would be preferred for nerve transfer. This anatomical study was carried out to describe the innervation ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between the deep peroneal nerve and the dorsalis pedis artery to help ensure a safer surgical approach in flap surgery. METHODS The dissection of 36 cadaver lower limbs was undertaken to describe the relationship of the deep peroneal nerve to the dorsalis pedis artery in the anterior tarsal tunnel and on the dorsum of the foot....

A rice (Oryza sativa) mutant led to the discovery of a plant-specific LAZY1 protein that controls the orientation of shoots. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) possesses six LAZY genes having spatially distinct expression patterns. Branch angle phenotypes previously associated with single LAZY genes were here studied in roots and shoots of single and higher-order atlazy mutants. The results ide...

INTRODUCTION The axillary artery presents abnormalities in its origin and course and a variable branching. CASE DESCRIPTION A rare case of axillary artery bifurcation and branching was observed in a 60-years-old European male cadaver of Greek origin. The right axillary artery at the second part was bifurcated into a superficial and a deep brachial artery. The superficial brachial artery anter...