Reactivation of latent herpesviruses is a particular problem in immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS patients, who lack effective CD4 T helper cell function. An important question is whether residual immune defenses can be mobilized to combat such opportunistic infections, in the absence of CD4 T cells. In the present study, we used a mouse model of opportunistic infection to determine w...

BACKGROUND Hong Kong is an affluent subtropical city with a well-developed healthcare infrastructure but an intermediate TB burden. Declines in notification rates through the 1960s and 1970s have slowed since the 1980s to the current level of around 82 cases per 100 000 population. We studied the transmission dynamics of TB in Hong Kong to explore the factors underlying recent trends in inciden...

Footpad infection of guinea pigs with herpes simplex virus led to an acute local inflammatory reaction, followed by a persistent latent infection of lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia. Spontaneous reactivation of the latent virus occurred, leading to recurrent lesions at the site of the initial infection. Clinical observations and virological studies during the acute latent and recurrent infection...

Plant symptoms caused by Pseudomonas syringae ...................................................1 Severity of Pseudomonas syringae ............................................................... ...2 Predisposing factors increase severity ........................................3 (Wounding, Plant Dormancy, Soil factors, Dual infections) ............... 3 Classification of Pseudomonas syringae ...

The presence or absence of latent multiple infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 was investigated. DNA cleavage patterns resulting from the digestion of viral DNA by restriction enzymes were studied. The DNA cleavage patterns of asymptomatically shed viruses isolated from the saliva of subjects at different time were compared to HSV-1 isolated from patients with HSV-1 infections of the o...

The spectrum of tasks which is fulfilled by CD4 T cells in the setting of viral infections is large, ranging from support of CD8 T cells and humoral immunity to exertion of direct antiviral effector functions. While our knowledge about the differentiation pathways, plasticity, and memory of CD4 T cell responses upon acute infections or immunizations has significantly increased during the past y...

At present, there is no consensus in the scientific community regarding the ability for human papillomavirus (HPV) infections to establish latency. Based on animal studies, a model of papillomavirus latency has been proposed in which papillomaviruses can be retained in the basal epithelial stem cell pool as latent infections and periodically induced to reactivate when the stem cell divides and ...