BACKGROUND AND AIMS Climate change is advancing the leaf-out times of many plant species and mostly extending the growing season in temperate ecosystems. Laboratory experiments using twig cuttings from woody plant species present an affordable, easily replicated approach to investigate the relative importance of factors such as winter chilling, photoperiod, spring warming and frost tolerance on...

The main stress factors for sweet cherries in the Krasnodar region are: late return frosts and early exposure to frost after a warm autumn. Against background of frosts, death generative organs cherry was 95%, realization productive potential − 3.3%; spring freezing fruit buds 30%, 47.8%. impact autumn, 90%, 5.6%. Under favorable weather conditions, i.e. absence any type stress, yield varieties...

Cool-season (northern) and warm-season (southern) grasses are grown in Arkansas. Cool-season grasses grow best in the spring and fall and less actively in the summer. They stay reasonably green in the winter. Tall fescue (Festuca arundi­ nacea) is the most commonly grown cool-season grass in Arkansas. Warmseason grasses are slow to green up in the spring, grow best in the summer and go dormant ...

Foliar frost resistance of three endemic New Zealand land trees, Nothofagus menziesii (Hook. f.) Oerst. (Fagaceae), Pittosporum eugenioides A. Cunn. (Pittosporaceae) and Griselinia littoralis Forst. f. (Cornaceae), was examined as the trees hardened from late summer to midwinter in a lowland forest site. The lowest temperatures causing 50% damage (LT(50)) occurred in late winter and were simila...

Switchgrass, Indiangrass, and big bluestem are warmseason grasses that are a suitable alternative for summer pasture in Iowa. Their advantage over cool-season grasses such as bluegrass, bromegrass, and orchardgrass is their ability to produce during midsummer. These warm-season perennial grasses start growing in late spring as air and soil temperatures increase. Leaf growth often occurs in earl...

Primiparous beef cows produced in 3 calving systems were used in a 2-yr study with a completely random design to measure milk yield throughout a 190-d lactation (2002, n = 20; 2003, n = 24 per calving system). Calving occurred in late winter (average calving date = February 4 +/- 2 d), early spring (average calving date = March 30 +/- 2 d), and late spring (average calving date = May 26 +/- 1 d...