ne of the corporate goals at AT&T is to eliminate chloroflurocarbons (CFCs) from its manufacturing operations by the end of 1994. Many alternatives have been implemented to meet this objective, including noclean wave soldering using low-solids flux, aqueous cleaning of water-soluble flux, aqueous cleaning with saponifiers and semiaqueous (terpene) cleaning. Part 1 of this article describes the ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The success of laser tissue welding or soldering depends on optimal laser settings, solder material, and tissue type and geometry. To develop a practical laser welding technique for ureteral repair, an intraluminal albumin stent was designed to enhance the welding effects on ureteral end to end anastomosis. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro porcine ureters ...

Background and Objectives: We compared ureteral anastomosis using a laser and intraluminal albumin stent with both conventional suturing and laser soldering techniques. Study Design/Materials and Methods: Twelve pigs underwent bilateral ureteral anastomoses (N1⁄4 24) using one of the three anastomotic methods: (1) laser welding with intraluminal albumin stent (N1⁄4 11); (2) with albumin solder ...

 The RoHS and WEEE European Directive, recently introduced, [1,2], represent focal points for the environmental regulation in the field of electronics industry. While removal of some material of concern has been relatively straightforward, the reduction or quite elimination of Lead (Pb) has caused significant disruption to the electronics manufacturing supply chain [3]. This materials and tech...

For obtaining good joints by soldering, a wettability of liquid metal on the solid metal surface, relatlatte, relattlated o solderability, is one of the most important factors, and the wettability is accelerated by using a suitable flux and atmosphere. In atmosphere soldering the flow of molten solder will be retarded by oxide films on base metals formed by a small amount of oxygen in atmospher...

Rapid prototypings using direct selective laser sintering (SLS) ofmetal/ceramic powders have a great potential for design and fabrication of near net shape of metal/ceramic parts. At presents CO2, Nd:YAG and Excimer are the only possible solutions for the heavy duty manufacturing applications. At the University of Connecticut, researchers advanced the concept of rapid prototyping and other desk...